| 词条 | Llanberis |
| 释义 |
|country = Wales |official_name = Llanberis |static_image_name = Llanberis from above.JPG |static_image_caption = Llanberis seen from the bottom of Llanberis Path at the base of Snowdon. |community_wales = Llanberis |unitary_wales = Gwynedd |lieutenancy_wales = Gwynedd |constituency_welsh_assembly = Arfon |constituency_westminster = Arfon |post_town = CAERNARFON |postcode_district = LL55 |postcode_area = LL |dial_code = 01286 |os_grid_reference = SH572602 |population = 2,026 |population_ref = (2011)[1] |coordinates = {{coord|53.119|-4.131|display=inline,title}} }}{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} is a village, community and electoral ward in Gwynedd, northwest Wales, on the southern bank of the lake {{lang|cy|Llyn Padarn|italic=no}} and at the foot of Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales. It is a popular centre for outdoor activities in Snowdonia, including walking, mountaineering, climbing, mountain biking and pony trekking as well as water sports such as Scuba Diving. The international fell race known as the Snowdon Race ({{lang-cy|Ras Yr Wyddfa}}) to the summit of Snowdon begins in the village.[2] Llanberis takes its name from {{lang|cy|Moi Tudur|italic=no}}, an early Welsh saint.[3] It is twinned with the Italian town of {{lang|it|Morbegno|italic=no}} in Lombardy. History{{see also|Category:People from Llanberis|l1=Notable people from Llanberis}}The ruins of {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no|nocat=y}} Castle, which were famously painted by Richard Wilson and J. M. W. Turner, stand above the village. The 13th century fortress was built by {{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no|nocat=y}} the Great and is a grade I listed building.[4] The church of St {{lang|cy|Padarn|italic=no}} is grade II* listed, as is the chapel of {{lang|cy|Capel Coch|italic=no}}.[5] In the 18th century {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} was the home of the legendary strong woman {{lang|cy|Marged ferch Ifan|italic=no}}.[6] DemographicsAccording to the United Kingdom Census 2011, the population of {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} was 1.844,[7] with 74.7% of those aged 3 years and over able to speak Welsh,{{cn |date=August 2018 }} compared to 61.6% across Anglesey according to the Annual Population Survey.[8] Local attractionsPlaces of interest in and near the village include the Snowdon Mountain Railway, the National Slate Museum, the {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Lake Railway, {{lang|cy|Llyn Padarn|italic=no}} country park and Electric Mountain. Tours of {{lang|cy|Dinorwig|italic=no|nocat=y}} Power Station are also available from a purpose-built visitor centre.[9] The village is a popular starting point for ascents of Snowdon because the {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Path begins in the village. Although it is the longest route, it is the least strenuous route to the summit, largely following the line of the Snowdon Mountain Railway.[10] This makes it the most popular walking route on the mountain.[11] {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no}} Castle, a fortification built by the Welsh prince {{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no}} the Great during the early 13th century, at the base of the {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Pass. The castle was important both militarily and as a symbol of {{lang|cy|Llywelyn|italic=no}}'s power and authority. The castle features a large stone keep, which historian Richard Avent considers "the finest surviving example of a Welsh round tower".[12] In 1284 {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no}} was taken by Edward I of England, who removed some of its timbers to build his new castle at {{lang|cy|Caernarfon|italic=no}}. {{lang|cy|Dolbadarn|italic=no}} was used as a manor house for some years, before falling into ruin. In the 18th and 19th century it was a popular destination for painters interested in Sublime and Picturesque landscapes. It is now owned by {{lang|cy|Cadw|italic=no}} and managed as a tourist attraction, and is protected as a grade I listed building.{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} Mountain Rescue Team deals with 150–200 incidents a year[13] and is one of the busiest mountain rescue teams in the country.{{citation needed |date=April 2017 }} The team is run entirely by volunteers who rely solely on donations from the public for funding.{{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Mountain Film Festival, which is held in annually in February, began in 2004.[14]It is the home of the Slateman Triathlon which runs in early summer each year. It attracts over 2,000 triathletes and many more spectators over two days. It is a mountain triathlon which begins in {{lang|cy|Llyn Padarn|italic=no}}, follows on the bike up to {{lang|cy|Capel Curig|italic=no}}, and finishes with a run in the Snowdonian mountains.[15] It is also the start and finish of the Snowdonia Marathon[16] Transport{{Llanberis Lake Railway|collapse=yes}}Bus services to {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} are provided by Arriva Buses Wales and {{lang|cy|Gwynfor|italic=no}} Coaches.[17] Former operator Padarn Bus, which went into receivership in 2014, was based in the town and ran several routes to it;[18] including a number of open-top routes.[19] Another local bus company Express Motors, based in {{lang|cy|Penygroes|italic=no}}, ran services to {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no}} but had its bus licence revoked in 2017.[20] The village used to be served by {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} railway station on a branch line of the Carnarvonshire Railway. Passenger services ceased in 1932; freight continued until closure in 1964.[21] The heritage Snowdon Mountain Railway and {{lang|cy|Llanberis|italic=no|nocat=y}} Lake Railway both have stations in the town, but serve primarily as tourist attractions rather than local transport links. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/llanberis-w05000078#sthash.rKK2PNaY.dpbs |title=Ward/Community population 2011 |accessdate=16 May 2015 }} 2. ^Parker; Whitfield (2003), p. 386. 3. ^Parker, Mike; Whitfield, Paul (2003). The Rough Guide To Wales. Rough Guides. p. 501. 4. ^Llanberis Pass, North Wales. Tate Collection. 5. ^ {{cite web |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wales/gwynedd/llanberis |title=Listed Buildings in Llanberis, Gwynedd, Wales |publisher=British Listed Buildings |accessdate=17 December 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Marged Ferch Ifan |url=http://www.caryb.co.uk/Women-MargedFerchIfan.html |publisher=Cary B |accessdate=15 July 2014 }} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/localarea?compare=1119885272 |title=Llanberis Built-up area — Local Area Report |work=Nomis |publisher=Durham University and the Office for National Statistics |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://statswales.gov.wales/Catalogue/Welsh-Language/annualpopulationsurveyestimatesofpersonsaged3andoverwhosaytheycanspeakwelsh-by-localauthority-measure |title=Annual Population Survey estimates of persons aged 3 and over who say they can speak Welsh by local authority and measure |publisher=StatsWales |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 9. ^{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/2009/04/11/things-to-do-this-easter-91466-23362714/ |title=Things to do this Easter |publisher=WalesOnline }} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Barnes |first=David |year=2005 |title=The Companion Guide to Wales |publisher=Companion Guides |isbn=978-1-900639-43-9 |chapter=Caernarfonshire: Eifionydd; Llŷn; Arfon |pages=279–315}} Cited in the article "Llanberis Path" on the English Wikipedia. 11. ^Snowdonia National Park website{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 12. ^{{cite book |last=Avent |first=Richard |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajf5AAAACAAJ |title=Dolwyddelan Castle, Dolbadarn Castle, Castel y Bere |location=Cardiff |publisher=Cadw |isbn=978-1-85760-205-0}} Cited in the article "Dolbadarn Castle" on the English Wikipedia. 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/about |title=About Llanberis MRT |publisher=Llanberis Mountain Rescue Team |accessdate=8 August 2013 }} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2008/02/11/fifth-film-festival-set-for-llanberis-55578-20459748/ |title=Fifth film festival set for Llanberis |last=Crump |first=Eryl |work=Daily Post |date=11 February 2008 |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/snowdonia-slateman-triathlon-set-attract-11306820 |title=Snowdonia Slateman Triathlon set to attract huge crowds to Gwynedd |first=David |last=Powell |work=Daily Post |date=9 May 2016 |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.snowdoniamarathon.co.uk/ |title=Snowdonia Marathon Eryri |publisher={{lang|cy|Marathon Eryri Cyf|italic=no}} |accessdate=6 December 2017 }} 17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gwynedd.gov.uk/en/Residents/Parking-roads-and-travel/Bus-timetables/Bus-timetables.aspx |title=Bus timetables |publisher=Gwynedd County Council |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsnorthwales.co.uk/news/134232/llanberis-based-bus-company-to-end-services-with-the-loss-of-around-80-jobs.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113914/http://www.newsnorthwales.co.uk/news/134232/llanberis-based-bus-company-to-end-services-with-the-loss-of-around-80-jobs.aspx |archive-date=18 May 2015 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 19. ^{{cite magazine|last=Clark|first=Rhodri|title=Welsh takeover with a difference|magazine=Buses|pages=34–36|date=July 2009|issue=652}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cambrian-news.co.uk/article.cfm?id=116017&headline=Two%20family-run%20companies%20have%20bus%20licences%20revoked§ionIs=news&searchyear=2017 |title=Two family-run companies have bus licences revoked |first=Antony |last=Gedge |work=Cambrian News |date=24 August 2017 |accessdate=18 August 2018 }} 21. ^Baughan, Peter E. (1980). North and mid Wales. David & Charles. p. 105. External links{{commons category|Llanberis}}{{Wikivoyage}}
2 : Llanberis|Villages in Gwynedd |
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