| 词条 | Othona |
| 释义 |
|name = Othona |image = St Peters Way.jpg |caption = View looking north towards the Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall on the site of the Roman fort |location = Essex, England, UK |pushpin_map = United Kingdom Essex |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Essex |gridref = {{gbmappingsmall|TM031081}} |coordinates = {{Coord|51.735|0.940|display=inline,title}} }}Othona or Othonae was the name of an ancient Roman fort of the Saxon Shore at the location of the modern village Bradwell-on-Sea in Essex, England. The Old English name Ythanceaster for the locality derives from the Roman name.[1] HistoryThe fort of Othona is in a typical late 3rd century style, and was possibly constructed in during or shortly prior to the Carausian Revolt, making it contemporary with the forts at Dubris, Portus Lemanis and Gariannonum.[2] According to the early 5th-century Notitia Dignitatum, which is the only contemporary document mentioning Othona, the fort was garrisoned by a numerus fortensium ("numerus of the brave ones").[3] Location and constructionOthona's location at the edge of the Dengie Peninsula was ideal for control of the estuaries of the rivers Blackwater and Colne, the latter leading to the important city of Camulodunum (now Colchester).[4] The fort's shape is roughly trapezoidal, with rounded corners. The stone rampart was 4.2 meters thick, indicating a tall superstructure, and enclosed over {{convert|2|ha}}. A single exterior ditch surrounded the site. Although some of the Roman building material was reused in the 7th century Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall, enough of the rampart survived until the 17th century, when it was described by Philemon Holland as a "huge ruin".[5] Othona communityThe Othona community is a Christian community and retreat centre based at Bradwell-on-Sea and at Burton Bradstock in West Dorset. It was founded in 1946 by Norman Motley, a Church of England priest who had served as an RAF chaplain during World War II.[6][7] References1. ^CBA Report 18: The Saxon Shore, p. 8 2. ^Fields, p. 24 3. ^Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Occ., XXVIII.13 4. ^Fields, pp. 29-32 5. ^Fields, p. 32 6. ^{{cite web |title=The Othona Community's Beginnings |url=https://www.othonaessex.org.uk/othona-communitys-beginnings |website=Othona, Bradwell on Sea |accessdate=25 March 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://www.othonawestdorset.org.uk/contact/contact-us |website=Othona West Dorset |accessdate=25 March 2019}} Sources
External links{{Portal|Military of ancient Rome}}{{Commons category inline|Othona}}
3 : Saxon Shore forts|Roman fortifications in England|Coastal Essex |
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