| 词条 | Ottawa oral literature and texts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Traditional Ottawa stories fall into two general categories, aasookaan 'legend, sacred story' (plural aasookaanag)[1] and dbaajmowin 'narrative, story' (plural dbaajmownan).[2] Stories in the aasookaan category involve mythical characters such as Nenbozh.[3][4][5][6] Stories in the dbaajmowin category include traditional stories that do not necessarily involve mythical characters,[7] with the same term also used more generally to refer to any type of story not in the aasookaan category. Published Ottawa text material includes a range of genres, including historical narratives,[8] stories of conflict with other indigenous groups,[9] humorous stories,[10] and others.[6][11] TextOttawa speaker Andrew Medler dictated the following text while he was working with Leonard Bloomfield in a linguistic field methods class at the Linguistic Institute of the Linguistic Society of America, held during the summer of 1938 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[12] Medler grew up near Saginaw, Michigan but spent most of his life at Walpole Island.[13] The texts that Medler dictated were originally published in a linguistically oriented transcription using phonetic symbols, and have been republished in the modern orthography, with analysis.[14] Love MedicineAndrew Medler {{poemquote|(1) Ngoding kiwenziinh ngii-noondwaaba a-dbaajmod wshkiniigkwen gii-ndodmaagod iw wiikwebjigan. Once I heard an old man tell of how a young woman asked him for love medicine. (2) Wgii-msawenmaan niw wshkinwen. She was in love with a young man. (3) Mii dash niw kiwenziinyan gii-ndodmawaad iw wiikwebjigan, gye go wgii-dbahmawaan. So then she asked that old man for the love medicine, and she paid him for it. (4) Mii dash gii-aabjitood maaba wshkiniigkwe iw mshkiki gaa-giishpnadood. Then this young woman used that medicine that she had bought. (5) Mii dash maaba wshkinwe gaa-zhi-gchi-zaaghaad niw wshkiniigkwen. Then this young man accordingly very much loved that young woman. (6) Gye go mii gii-wiidgemaad, gye go mii wiiba gii-yaawaawaad binoojiinyan. Then he married her; very soon they had children. (7) Aapji go gii-zaaghidwag gye go gii-maajiishkaawag. They loved each other and they fared very well.}} Analysis of textBelow is an interlinear glossing and analysis of the words in each sentence, with lines of analysis being vertically aligned on a word-by-word basis. For each sentence the first line presents the text, the second presents a morphological analysis, the third line presents a translation of the elements identified in line 2, and the fourth line presents a word-by-word translation. A more detailed morphological analysis is also available.[15] A table of codes for grammatical elements used in interlinear glossing occurs after the glossed sentences.[16] In the first line the hyphen '-' is used to mark the division between a preverb and an immediately following verb, as in Sentence 1: ngii-noondwaaba 'I heard it,' with past tense preverb gii-; or a preverb followed by another preverb, as in Sentence 5, gaa-zhi-gchi-zaaghaad, where the first two hyphens indicate the boundaries between preverbs, and the third hyphen indicates the boundary between a preverb and a verb. In the second line, where morphological analysis is presented, the hyphen marks the start of a suffix, as in wshkiniigkwe-n 'young.man' followed by Obviative suffix -n. Also in the second line, the marker '=' indicates the boundary between a verb and a following verb or preverb. Sentence 1
Sentence 2
Sentence 3
Sentence 4
Sentence 5
Sentence 6
Sentence 7
The following table lists codes used in the interlinear analysis of the text.
Notes1. ^Rhodes, Richard, 1985, 14 2. ^Rhodes, Richard, 1985, 103 3. ^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1988, 197-215; 113-115 4. ^Piggott, Glyne, 1985, 11-16 5. ^Piggott, Glyne, 1985a, 13-16 6. ^1 Nichols, John and Leonard Bloomfield, 1991, 18-23 7. ^Piggott, Glyne, 1985a, 1-12 8. ^Piggott, Glyne, 1985, 1-10 9. ^McGregor, Gregor with C. F. Voegelin, 1988, 114-118 10. ^Fox, Francis and Nora Soney with Richard Rhodes, 1988 11. ^Wilder, Julie, ed. 1999 12. ^Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958, p. vii 13. ^Bloomfield, Leonard, 1958, p. viii 14. ^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1998, pp. 57, 167, 239-240 15. ^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1998, pp. 239-240 16. ^Valentine, J. Randolph, 1998, pp. xiii-xiv; 217 References{{refbegin}}
8 : Traditional narratives|Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands|Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic|First Nations languages in Canada|Languages of the United States|Anishinaabe languages|Great Lakes tribes|Anishinaabe mythology |
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