| 词条 | Otto Wöhler |
| 释义 |
|name=Otto Wöhler |birth_date={{birth date|1894|7|12|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1987|2|5|1894|7|12|df=y}} |birth_place=Großburgwedel, Province of Hanover, German Empire |death_place= |image= Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2007-0313-500, Rumänien, Otto Wöhler bei Lagebesprechung.jpg |image_size= 180px |caption= |nickname=
Otto Wöhler (12 July 1894 – 5 February 1987) was a German general in the Wehrmacht and a war criminal during World War II. He rose to a corps and army level commander. Wöhler was implicated in the Einsatzgruppe activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity in the High Command trial and sentenced for 8 years. He was released in February 1951. World War IIWöhler fought in World War I and served in the post-war Reichswehr and in then the Wehrmacht in several staff roles. Between October 1940 and May 1942, Wöhler served as chief of staff of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's 11th Army.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=215}} In this capacity Wöhler cooperated closely with the Einsatzgruppe D under Otto Ohlendorf. At one point, he requested that all watches belonging to the killed Jews be turned over to the army.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=265}} Wöhler was then appointed chief of staff of Army Group Center under Field Marshal Günther von Kluge. Wöhler’s first combat command was I Army Corps which he led from February to August 1943, before being given command of the 8th Army in August 1943. In December 1944 he was appointed commander of Army Group South.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=215}} Trial and convictionWöhler was investigated by the Allies after the war and was implicated in Einsatzgruppen activities while serving as Chief of Staff of the 11th Army in early 1942. In the pre-trial interrogations, he admitted that Manstein awarded Iron Crosses to Einsatzgruppen men and described the cooperation with the Einsatzgruppen as "generally free of friction".{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=119}} He was tried by a U.S. Military Tribunal at Nuremberg ("High Command Trial" No. XII). At trial Wöhler denied knowledge of the Einsatzgruppen functions and any complicity in helping to carry their actions.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=119}} He was convicted of implementing the Barbarossa Jurisdiction Order, which allowed the murder of civilians on the pretext of counteracting partisan activity{{sfn|Hebert|2010|pp=3, 151}} Wöhler was also found guilty of deportations of civilians for slave labor and cooperation with Einsatzgruppen.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=151}} Wöhler was sentenced to eight years imprisonment in October 1948. During the 1949 sentence review, his sentence was confirmed with no changes. Based on the sentence having been backdated to 1945, he was released in February 1951 on good time credit grounds.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|p=219}} Awards
ReferencesCitations1. ^Thomas 1998, p. 455. 2. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 520. 3. ^1 Scherzer 2007, p. 793. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
|last=Thomas |first=Franz |year=1998 |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 }}{{refend}} External links
| website= | url = http://werle.rewi.hu-berlin.de/High%20Command%20Case.pdf | title = High Command Trial, Judgment of 27 October 1948 | author = US Military Tribunal Nuremberg | date = 1948 | access-date = 30 May 2016 | ref = harv{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box| before=General der Kavallerie Philipp Kleffel| after=General der Kavallerie Philipp Kleffel| title= Commander of I. Armeekorps| years=1 April 1943 – 15 August 1943 }}{{succession box| before=General Johannes Blaskowitz| after=General Hans Kreysing| title= Commander of 8. Armee| years=22 August 1943 – 27 December 1944 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Johannes Frießner| after=Generaloberst Dr. Lothar Rendulic| title=Commander of Heeresgruppe Süd| years=28 December 1944 – 25 March 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{High Command Trial defendants}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=World War I | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wohler, Otto}} 12 : 1894 births|1987 deaths|People from Burgwedel|Generals of Infantry (Wehrmacht)|People from the Province of Hanover|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves|Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave|German people convicted of crimes against humanity|People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals|Nazi war criminals released early from prison|Reichswehr personnel |
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