“Outline of nanotechnology”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Outline of nanotechnology

释义

Branches of nanotechnology
Multi-disciplinary fields that include nanotechnology Contributing fields Nanoscience Other contributing fields
Risks of nanotechnology
Applications of nanotechnology
Nanomaterials Fullerenes and carbon forms Nanoparticles and colloids Nanomedicine Molecular self-assembly
Nanoelectronics
Molecular electronics Nanolithography
Molecular nanotechnology
Devices
Microscopes and other devices
Notable organizations in nanotechnology
Government Advocacy and information groups Manufacturers
Notable figures in nanotechnology
See also
Further reading
References
External links

{{Short description|1=Overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology}}

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:

Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.

Branches of nanotechnology

Green nanotechnology – use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental-sustainability of processes currently producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.
Nanoengineering – practice of engineering on the nanoscale.
Wet nanotechnology – involves working up to large masses from small ones.

Multi-disciplinary fields that include nanotechnology

Nanobiotechnology – intersection of nanotechnology and biology.^[1]
Ceramic engineering – science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials.
Materials science – interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. It investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties.
- Nanoarchitectonics – arranging nanoscale structural units, which are usually a group of atoms or molecules, in an intended configuration.
Molecular engineering

Contributing fields

Nanoscience

Nanoelectronics – use of nanotechnology on electronic components, including transistors so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
Nanomechanics – branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale.
Nanophotonics – study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale.

Other contributing fields

Calculus
Chemistry
Computer science
Engineering
Miniaturization
Physics
Protein engineering
Quantum mechanics
Self-organization
Science
Supramolecular chemistry
Tissue engineering
Robotics
medicine

Risks of nanotechnology

Implications of nanotechnology

Health impact of nanotechnology
Environmental impact of nanotechnology
Regulation of nanotechnology
Societal impact of nanotechnology

Applications of nanotechnology

Energy applications of nanotechnology
Quantum computing – computation using quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform data operations.
List of nanotechnology applications

Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials – field that studies materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, and especially those that have special properties stemming from their nanoscale dimensions.

Fullerenes and carbon forms

Fullerene – any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Fullerene spheres and tubes have applications in nanotechnology.

Allotropes of carbon –
Aggregated diamond nanorods –
Buckypaper –
Carbon nanofoam –
Carbon nanotube –
- Nanoknot –
- Nanotube membrane –
Fullerene chemistry –
- Bingel reaction –
- Endohedral hydrogen fullerene –
- Prato reaction –
Endohedral fullerenes –
Fullerite –
Graphene –
- Graphene nanoribbon –
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes –
Timeline of carbon nanotubes –

Nanoparticles and colloids

Nanoparticle –

Ceramics processing –
Colloid –
Colloidal crystal –
Diamondoids –
Nanocomposite –
Nanocrystal –
Nanostructure –
- Nanocages –
- Nanocomposite –
- Nanofabrics –
- Nanofiber –
- Nanofoam –
- Nanoknot –
- Nanomesh –
- Nanopillar –
- Nanopin film –
- Nanoring –
- Nanorod –
- Nanoshell –
- Nanotube –
- Quantum dot –
- Quantum heterostructure –
- Sculptured thin film –

Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine –

Lab-on-a-chip –
Nanobiotechnology –
Nanosensor –
Nanotoxicology –

Molecular self-assembly

Molecular self-assembly –

DNA nanotechnology –
- DNA computing –
- DNA machine –
- DNA origami –
Self-assembled monolayer –
Supramolecular assembly –

Nanoelectronics

Nanoelectronics –

Break junction –
Chemical vapor deposition –
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
Nanocircuits –
Nanocomputer –
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)
Surface micromachining –
Nanoelectromechanical relays

Molecular electronics

Molecular electronics –

Nanolithography

Nanolithography –

Electron beam lithography –
Ion-beam sculpting –
Nanoimprint lithography –
Photolithography –
Scanning probe lithography –
Molecular self-assembly –
IBM Millipede –

Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology –

Grey goo –
Mechanosynthesis –
Molecular assembler –
Molecular modelling –
Nanorobotics –
- Smartdust –
- Utility fog –
Nanochondria –
Programmable matter –
Self reconfigurable –
Self-replication –

Devices

Micromachinery –
Nano-abacus –
Nanomotor –
Nanopore –
- Nanopore sequencing –
Quantum point contact –
Synthetic molecular motors –
Carbon nanotube actuators –

Microscopes and other devices

Microscopy –

Atomic force microscope –
Scanning tunneling microscope –
Scanning probe microscope –
Sarfus –

Notable organizations in nanotechnology

List of nanotechnology organizations

Government

National Cancer Institute (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
National Nanotechnology Initiative (US)
Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (RU)
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (EU)

Advocacy and information groups

American Chemistry Council (US)
American Nano Society (US)
Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (US)
Foresight Institute (US)
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (global)

Manufacturers

Cerion, Nanoparticles (US)
OCSiAl, Carbon Nanotubes (Luxembourg)

Notable figures in nanotechnology

[https://web.archive.org/web/20110110074750/http://www.chem.rice.edu/FacultyDetail.cfm?RiceID=602 Vicki Colvin] Director for the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
Norio Taniguchi - coined the term "nano-technology"
Richard Feynman - gave the first mention of some of the distinguishing concepts in a 1959 talk
Eric Drexler - was the first to theorise about nanotechnology in depth and popularised the subject
Robert Freitas - nanomedicine theorist
Ralph Merkle - nanotechnology theorist
Joseph Wang - pioneer in electrochemical sensors xploiting nanostructured materials; synthetic nanomotors
Sumio Iijima - discoverer of carbon nanotube
Richard Smalley - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
Harry Kroto - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
Erwin Wilhelm Müller - invented the field ion microscope, and the atom probe.
Gerd Binnig - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
Heinrich Rohrer - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
Chris Phoenix - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
Mike Treder - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
Phaedon Avouris - first electronic devices made out of carbon nanotubes
Akhlesh Lakhtakia - conceptualized sculptured thin films
Alex Zettl - Built the first molecular motor based on carbon nanotubes
Andre Geim - Discoverer of 2-D carbon film called graphene
Carlo Montemagno - inventor ATP nanobiomechanical motor (UCLA)
Russell M. Taylor II - co-director of the UNC CISMM
Adriano Cavalcanti - nanorobot expert working at CAN
Lajos P. Balogh - editor in chief of Nanomedicine: NBM journal
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101221220751/http://cmliris.harvard.edu/people/CML.php Charles M. Lieber] - pioneer on nanoscale materials (Harvard)

References

1. ^Ehud Gazit, Plenty of room for biology at the bottom: An introduction to bionanotechnology. Imperial College Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1-86094-677-6}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Auplat|first=Claire|title=The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 1|journal=Global Policy|year=2012|volume=3|issue=4|pages=492–500|doi=10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00159.x}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Auplat|first=Claire|title=The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 2|journal=Global Policy|year=2013|volume=4|issue=1|pages=101–107|doi=10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00160.x}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20150329185307/https://www.nanothinking.com/ NanoTechMap] The online exhibition of nanotechnology featuring over 4000 registered companies
{{dmoz|Science/Technology/Nanotechnology/|Nanotechnology}}
What is Nanotechnology? (A Vega/BBC/OU Video Discussion).
Course on Introduction to Nanotechnology
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110926095020/http://nanex-project.eu/index.php/home Nanex Project]
SAFENANO A nanotechnology initiative of the Institute of Occupational Medicine
Glossary of Drug Nanotechnology

2 : Wikipedia outlines|Nanotechnology

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