“Outline of Tuvalu”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tuvalu:

The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. Therefore, the origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding the spread of humans out of Southeast Asia, from Taiwan, via Melanesia and across the Pacific islands to create Polynesia.

Tuvalu was first sighted by Europeans on 16 January 1568 during the voyage of Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira from Spain who is understood to have sighted the island of Nui. Mendaña made contact with the islanders but was unable to land.^[3] During Mendaña's second voyage across the Pacific he passed Niulakita on 29 August 1595.^[3]^[4] Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of HMS Dolphin.^[5]

Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identify Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus solving what Europeans had called The Mystery of Gran Cocal.^[4]^[6] Mourelle's map and journal named the island El Gran Cocal ('The Great Coconut Plantation'); however, the latitude and longitude was uncertain.^[6] Longitude could only be reckoned crudely as accurate chronometers were available until the late 18th century. Visits to the islands became more frequent in the 19th century.

The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. The Ellice Islands were administered by Britain as a protectorate as part of the British Western Pacific Territories from 1892 to 1916 and as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony from 1916 to 1974. In 1974 the Ellice Islanders voted for separate British dependency status for Tuvalu, separating from the Gilbert Islands which became Kiribati upon independence. Tuvalu became fully independent within The Commonwealth in 1978. On 17 September 2000 Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations.

General reference

Geography of Tuvalu

The islands of Tuvalu are spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line.^[7]

Geographic coordinates: {{coord|5|41|S|176|12|E|type:country}} to {{coord|10|45|S|179|51|E|type:country}}

Environment of Tuvalu

Natural geographic features of Tuvalu

Tuvalu consists of three reef islands and six true atolls, whose highest point above the sea is five metres.^[12]

Regions of Tuvalu

Ecoregions of Tuvalu

Demography of Tuvalu

Government and politics of Tuvalu

Branches of the government of Tuvalu

Executive branch of the government of Tuvalu

Legislative branch of the government of Tuvalu

Judicial branch of the government of Tuvalu

Foreign relations of Tuvalu

International organization membership

Law and order in Tuvalu

Military of Tuvalu

Local government in Tuvalu

History of Tuvalu

Culture of Tuvalu

Art in Tuvalu

Sports in Tuvalu

Economy and infrastructure of Tuvalu

Education in Tuvalu

Infrastructure of Tuvalu

Filmography

Bibliography

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|date=July 2, 2009|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tv.html|title=Tuvalu|work=The World Factbook|publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|accessdate=July 23, 2009}}
2. ^{{cite book |last1= Dr A J Tilling & Ms E Fihaki |first1= |authorlink1= |title= Tuvalu National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan |url= http://www.cbd.int/doc/world/tv/tv-nr-04-en.pdf|format= |accessdate= |date=17 November 2009 |publisher= Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity |location= |language= |isbn=|oclc= |doi= |id= |page=7 |pages=|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
3. ^¹{{cite web|first=H.E.|last= Maude |title =Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification|url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_68_1959/Volume_68,_No._4/Spanish_discoveries_in_the_Pacific,_by_H._E._Maude,_p_285-326/p1|format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume=|date=|year= 1959|month= |origyear= |publisher= 68 (4) The Journal of the Polynesian Society|location= |language= |isbn=|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=284–326|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
4. ^¹{{cite book |last1= Keith S. Chambers & Doug Munro |first1= |authorlink1= |title=The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu |url=http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document/Volume_89_1980/Volume_89,_No._2/The_%26apos%3Bmystery%26apos%3B_of_Gran_Cocal%3A_European_discovery_and_mis-discovery_in_Tuvalu,_by_Doug_Munro,_p_167-198/p1 |format= |accessdate= |year=1980|publisher= 89(2) The Journal of the Polynesian Society |location= |language= |isbn=|oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=167–198|chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.solarnavigator.net/circumnavigation.htm |title=Circumnavigation: Notable global maritime circumnavigations |publisher=Solarnavigator.net |date= |accessdate=2009-07-20}}
6. ^¹{{cite book | author= Laumua Kofe | title=Tuvalu: A History, Palagi and Pastors, Ch. 15 | year= 1983 | publisher= Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu }}
7. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.tuvaluislands.com/maps/maps.html|title= Maps of Tuvalu |accessdate=21 October 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web| last = | first = | work= Ministry of Education and Sports, and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development from the Government of Tuvalu; and the United Nations System in the Pacific Islands |title= Tuvalu: Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework – Improving Quality of Education |date =April 2013|url= http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Framework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/MAF%20Tuvalu-FINAL-%20April%204.pdf| accessdate=13 October 2013}}
9. ^¹²[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tv.html "Tuvalu"], CIA World Factbook
10. ^{{cite web| last=Phelan|first=Erin |title = Tuvalu In World TV Festival |publisher=Pacific Islands Report |date = 15 May 2000 | url=http://www.pireport.org/articles/2000/05/15/tuvalu-world-tv-festival| accessdate=30 September 2017}}
11. ^¹²{{cite web| last=Mason|first=Moya K. |title = Tuvalu: Flooding, Global Warming, and Media Coverage|publisher=Moya K. Mason|date = 2017 | url= http://www.moyak.com/papers/tuvalu-climate-change.html | accessdate=30 September 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web| last=|first= |title = DER Documentary: The Disappearing of Tuvalu: Trouble in Paradise |publisher=DER Documentary|date = 2004 | url=http://www.der.org/films/the-disappearing-of-tuvalu.html | accessdate=30 September 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web| last=|first= |title = Documentary: Paradise Drowned|publisher=NZ Geographic|date = 2004 | url= http://www.nzgeo.com/video/paradise-drowned/| accessdate=30 September 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web| last= |first= |title = Time and Tide |publisher=Wavecrest Films|date = 2005 | url= http://wavecrestfilms.com/ | accessdate=30 September 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web| last= |first= |title = Atlantis Approaching: The Movie |publisher=Blue Marble Productions |date = 2006 | url= http://www.blue-marble.tv/7.html | accessdate=30 September 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web| last= |first= |title = King Tide - The Sinking of Tuvalu|publisher= Juriaan Booij |date = 2007 | url= http://www.thesinkingoftuvalu.com/| accessdate=30 September 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web| last= |first= |title = Missie Tuvalu / Mission Tuvalu documentary|publisher=Omroep Brabant|date = 2013 | url= http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/1988061113/Documentaire+over+hoe+een+Eindhovenaar+het+eiland+Tuvalu+op+de+FIFA-ranglijst+probeert+te+krijgen.aspx| accessdate=30 September 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web| last= |first= |title = ThuleTuvalu|publisher= HesseGreutert Film/OdysseyFilm |date = 2014 | url= http://www.thuletuvalu.com/| accessdate=30 September 2017}}