| 词条 | Out of position (crash testing) |
| 释义 |
Risk of injuryOut of position occupants are at increased risk of injury. Even low speed impacts can cause disc herniation and lumbar fracture on OOP passengers.[2] Airbags can prove fatal on OOP passengers:[4][5][6] modulating the airbag folding pattern has been proposed as a method to reduce injuries.[7] Crash testing has shown increased forces acting on the neck and torso when dummies were leaning forward and not upright; a partial correlation with the seat stiffness has been observed, with stiffer seats increasing the force loads on the upper neck.[8] References1. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Stephen M. Foreman|author2=Arthur C. Croft|title=Whiplash Injuries: The Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Syndrome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=De5LdqgeSf4C&pg=PA104|accessdate=8 December 2012|year=2002|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=978-0-7817-2681-8|pages=104–}} {{transport-stub}}2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Larry S. Nordhoff|title=Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries: Biomechanics, Diagnosis, And Management|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vSGyTBzHuUkC&pg=PA513|accessdate=8 December 2012|year=2005|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=978-0-7637-3335-3|pages=513–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Society of Automotive Engineers|title=Air bags and belt restraints|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FRGAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=8 December 2012|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Society of Automotive Engineers|isbn=978-0-7680-1412-9}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Michael Griebel|author2=Marc A. Schweitzer|title=Meshfree Methods for Partial Differental Equations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5av2_E39EQkC&pg=PA249|accessdate=8 December 2012|year=2003|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-43891-5|pages=249–}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Hans-Joachim Bungartz|author2=Michael Schäfer|title=Fluid-Structure Interaction: Modelling, Simulation, Optimisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OaMOqfPOfEC&pg=PA101|accessdate=12 December 2012|date=14 September 2006|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-34595-4|pages=101–}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Roach|title=Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNvkUR5mKoAC&pg=PA93|accessdate=12 December 2012|date=17 May 2004|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-32482-2|pages=93–}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last=Malczyk|first=A|author2=Adomeit, H-D|title=THE AIRBAG FOLDING PATTERN AS A MEANS FOR INJURY REDUCTION OF OUT-OF-POSITION OCCUPANTS|journal=PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH STAPP CAR CRASH CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 8-10, 1995, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, USA (SAE TECHNICAL PAPER 952704)|year=1995|pages=19035|url=http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=468715|accessdate=7 December 2012}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Benson|first=B.R.|author2=Smith GC |author3=Kent RW |author4=Monson CR |title=EFFECT OF SEAT STIFFNESS IN OUT-OF-POSITION OCCUPANT RESPONSE IN REAR-END COLLISIONS|journal=PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40TH STAPP CAR CRASH CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1996, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO, USA (SAE TECHNICAL PAPER 962434)|date=November 1996|pages=331–44|url=http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=576916}} External Weblinks
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