| 词条 | Lockwood Smith |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Sir Lockwood Smith | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=NZL|size=100%|KNZM}} | nationality = New Zealand | image = Lockwood Smith 70th Anniversary of the arrival of US Forces in New Zealand.jpg | caption = Lockwood Smith speaking at the 70th anniversary of the arrival of US Forces in New Zealand | order = 26th High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom | term_start = 25 March 2013 | term_end = 24 March 2017 | monarch = Elizabeth II | primeminister = John Key Bill English | predecessor = Derek Leask | successor = Sir Jerry Mateparae | order2 = 28th Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives | primeminister2 = John Key | term_start2 = 8 December 2008 | term_end2 = 1 February 2013 | predecessor2 = Margaret Wilson | successor2 = David Carter | order3 = 38th Minister of Education | primeminister3 = Jim Bolger | term_start3 = 2 November 1990 | term_end3 = 1 March 1996 | predecessor3 = Phil Goff | successor3 = Wyatt Creech | constituency_MP4 = Kaipara | parliament4 = New Zealand | majority4 = | predecessor4 = Peter Wilkinson | successor4 = electorate abolished | term_start4 = 14 July 1984 | term_end4 = 12 October 1996 | constituency_MP5 = Rodney | parliament5 = New Zealand | majority5 = 15,635[1] | predecessor5 = vacant (last held by Don McKinnon) | successor5 = Mark Mitchell | term_start5 = 12 October 1996 | term_end5 = 2011 | constituency_MP6 = National Party list | parliament6 = New Zealand | term_start6 = 10 December 2011 | term_end6 = 15 February 2013 | birth_date = {{nowrap|{{Birth date and age|1948|11|13|df=yes}}}} | birth_place = Paparoa, Northland, New Zealand | death_date = | death_place = | residence = Ruawai, Northland, New Zealand | spouse = {{marriage|Alexandra Lang|4 July 2009}} | profession = | party = National }} Sir Alexander Lockwood Smith {{postnominals|country=NZL|KNZM}} (born 13 November 1948) is a New Zealand politician and diplomat who was High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2017, and Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2008 to 2013. Smith is a member of the New Zealand National Party and served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1984 until his retirement to pursue diplomatic roles in 2013. He represented first the Kaipara electorate and then Rodney, and has held a number of Cabinet positions; he was Minister of Education from 1990 to 1996 and subsequently served as Minister of Agriculture, Minister for International Trade, and Associate Minister of Finance. Early yearsSmith attended Auckland Grammar School in 1961.[2] He has a PhD in Animal science from the University of Adelaide. Before entering politics he lectured at Massey University, worked as a television quizmaster for the children's quiz shows It's Academic and The W 3 Show, and was Marketing Manager at the New Zealand Dairy Board. Member of Parliament{{NZ parlbox header|align=left }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1984}} |end = 1987 |electorate = Kaipara |term = 41st |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1987}} |end = 1990 |electorate = Kaipara |term = 42nd |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1990}} |end = 1993 |electorate = Kaipara |term = 43rd |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1993}} |end = 1996 |electorate = Kaipara |term = 44th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1996}} |end = 1999 |electorate = Rodney |list = 8 |term = 45th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|1999}} |end = 2002 |electorate = Rodney |list = 5 |term = 46th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|2002}} |end = 2005 |electorate = Rodney |list = 11 |term = 47th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|2005}} |end = 2008 |electorate = Rodney |list = 9 |term = 48th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|2008}} |end = 2011 |electorate = Rodney |list = 12 |term = 49th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox |start = {{NZ election link year|2011}} |end = 2013 |electorate = List |list = 3 |term=50th |party = New Zealand National Party }}{{NZ parlbox footer}} Smith was first elected in 1984 as the MP for Kaipara. He represented this electorate until it was abolished in 1996 during the shift to mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation. Since then he has been the representative for Rodney. Minister in the Fourth National GovernmentSmith served as Minister of Education from 1990 until 1996 in the Fourth National Government of New Zealand. During this period he implemented a number of changes to the tertiary education sector (universities and technical institutions). One high-profile change involved a radical increase in student fees, as recommended by the Todd Report, which the government had commissioned to address issues of funding. As opposition education spokesman in 1990, Smith promised to remove the Labour Government's tertiary tuition fee of $1250, if elected. Once in office, he kept this promise on a technicality: he shifted the burden of charging fees for courses from the government to the institutions, who then had to charge even higher tuition fees due to decreased government funding. Smith's term as Education Minister also saw the introduction of means-testing for student allowances, with the effect that students of middle-class parents became ineligible for allowances until they reached 25 years of age. In 1996 Smith took up the Agriculture and Trade Negotiation portfolios: Wyatt Creech succeeded him as Education Minister. Smith also became Minister for International Trade and for Tourism, as well as holding responsibilities as Associate Minister of Finance, Associate Minister of Immigration (International Access and Processing), and Minister Responsible for Contact Energy Ltd. As Trade Minister, Smith spearheaded New Zealand's efforts at the 1999 APEC negotiations. He successfully negotiated New Zealand's free-trade agreement with Singapore, which became the NZ – Singapore Closer Economic Partnership. At the WTO Ministerial in Seattle, he took part in efforts which later lead to the Doha Development Round. Opposition, 1999–2008In opposition, Smith held a number of spokesperson roles for the National Party, including those of Foreign Affairs, Commerce, and Immigration. In his role as Immigration spokesman, Smith challenged Mangere MP Taito Phillip Field over alleged impropriety in Field's dealings with constituents.[3] During the 2008 election campaign, on 22 October 2008, Smith made some comments in an interview with the Marlborough Express concerning seasonal Asian and Pacific workers that caused controversy. Regarding Pacific workers he said that some employers "are having to teach them things like how to use a toilet or shower..." And he said that for pruning trees: "some of the Asian workers have been more productive... because their hands are smaller." Maori Party co-leader Tariana Turia described these remarks as "racist", and the Prime Minister Helen Clark characterised them as "absolutely daft". Smith later stated that the media had presented his comments out of context, and that he had repeated the views of employers whom he had talked to; he expressed regret at any unintended offence taken. The parliamentary leader of the National Party, John Key, subsequently referred to this statement as an apology.[4][5] Speaker of the HouseFollowing the National Party's successes in the 2008 election, Members of Parliament unanimously elected Smith as Speaker of the House. Smith took a rather different approach from his predecessor, being more active in requiring ministers to provide answers to oral questions. Smith was re-elected as Speaker of the House again on 20 December 2011. Smith was expected to retire from Parliament and to be appointed High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom later in 2012,[6] but stayed on until February 2013. He gave his valedictory speech on 13 February 2013; this was in fact his first speech in Parliament in four years, as Speakers perform an apolitical role. Reflecting on his nearly 30 years in Parliament, he listed voting against the Homosexual Law Reform Bill in 1986 as his biggest regret:[7] I faced the classic dilemma of voting according to my own judgement or the opinion of those I was elected to represent. As a new member, I opted for the latter and I've always regretted it. Smith was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services as a Member of Parliament and as Speaker of the House of Representatives.[8] High Commissioner to the United KingdomSmith began his term as High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom on 25 March 2013, with a powhiri at New Zealand House in London.[9] He stepped down from the role on 25 March 2017.[10] He was replaced by Sir Jerry Mateparae, the former Governor-General.[11] Personal lifeOn 4 July 2009 he married longtime partner, Alexandra Lang, in the Legislative Council Chamber of Parliament.[12] References1. ^At 2008 election 2. ^{{cite web |title=News of Old Boys |url= http://www.ags.school.nz/static/content/file/ad_augusta_may_09.pdf |publisher=Auckland Grammar School |accessdate=16 February 2013 |page=32 |format=PDF |date=May 2009}} 3. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/inl/headlinealert/4644501a6160.html |title=Immigration manager approved illegitimate payouts – MP |date=5 August 2008 |agency=NZPA |work=Stuff |location=New Zealand |accessdate=15 October 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz-election-2008/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501799&objectid=10539010|accessdate=2 January 2009 |date=23 October 2008 |work=The New Zealand Herald | title = Smith and Williamson pay the price |author=Audrey Young}} 5. ^{{cite news |title='Asians have small hands' remarks 'racist', 'daft', say leaders |work=The New Zealand Herald |date=22 October 2008 |accessdate=15 August 2009 |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz-election-2008/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501799&objectid=10538807}} 6. ^{{cite news |title= Speaker gets chance to check out London digs |newspaper=The Dominion Post |page= A2 |first = |last= |date= 30 June 2012 }} 7. ^{{cite news |last=Trevett |first=Claire |title=Departing veteran tells of regret over gay vote, MMP |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10865314 |accessdate=14 February 2013 |newspaper= The New Zealand Herald |date=14 February 2013 |page=A8}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/publications/queens-birthday-honours-list-2013 |title=Queen's Birthday honours list 2013 |date=3 June 2013 |publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |accessdate=18 June 2018}} 9. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Lockwood-Smith-begins-new-job/tabid/1607/articleID/291782/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ |title= Lockwood Smith begins new job| date=26 March 2013}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=Sir Lockwood Smith: Stepping down as NZ's man in London|url=http://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/on-air/mike-hosking-breakfast/audio/lockwood-smith-stepping-down-as-nzs-man-in-london/|accessdate=11 May 2017|work=www.newstalkzb.co.nz}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Herald|first1=New Zealand|title=Sir Lockwood Smith: the politician turned diplomat prepares to return to the farm|url=http://nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11791416|accessdate=11 May 2017|work=New Zealand Herald|date=1 February 2017}} 12. ^Married 4 July 2009 External links{{Commons Category|Lockwood Smith}}
18 : 1948 births|People educated at Auckland Grammar School|Living people|Massey University faculty|Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand|New Zealand National Party MPs|New Zealand list MPs|Speakers of the New Zealand House of Representatives|Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives|University of Adelaide alumni|New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates|New Zealand education ministers|High Commissioners of New Zealand to the United Kingdom|Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit|New Zealand game show hosts|21st-century New Zealand politicians|People from the Kaipara District|New Zealand politicians awarded knighthoods |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。