| 词条 | Out-Ranger of Windsor Forest |
| 释义 |
The Out-Ranger of Windsor Forest was an official post associated with the royal forest of Windsor. The nominal duties of the out-ranger were to preserve any deer which escaped the bounds of Windsor Forest.[1] (Under forest law, the Sovereign owned all the deer within a royal forest, even though they might not be crown property.) In practice, the office was a sinecure. The first known appointment to the position was that of Denzil Onslow in 1686[1] or 1694.[1] He was deprived of his office in 1711 when the Junto Whigs were crushed. In 1715, the office was granted to Denzil's great-nephew Hon. Thomas Onslow. While it provided an emolument for him, the principal purpose of the appointment was to force Thomas to vacate his seat as Member of Parliament for Guildford, under the terms of the Place Act 1707. By removing him from the House of Commons, he could now stand in the by-election for Surrey, which had been vacated when his father Richard was made a Teller of the Exchequer. (Richard was about to be made a peer, hence his failure to stand in the by-election himself.) Two years later, when Thomas succeeded to his father's barony, Denzil Onslow again received the office for the same reason, vacating his seat at Guildford to successfully contest Surrey.[2][3] This presaged the use of other offices of profit under the Crown as a means of resignation from the British House of Commons, which became formalised in the offices of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds and Steward of Northstead. Denzil held the office until his death in 1721. Brigadier Richard Munden was appointed in 1722, but died in September 1725. He left his financial affairs considerably entangled, and the underkeepers who performed the duties of the office had to petition for the arrears of their salaries.[4] He was succeeded by John King, 2nd Baron King, who had a grant of the office for life in 1726; his brother Peter King, 3rd Baron King succeeded him in 1740, but the office was again granted to an Onslow in 1754. George Onslow was the second cousin once removed of Thomas, who had held the office until 1717. He held the office until the beginning of 1763, when Fox purged the government of Newcastle's supporters.[5] It went to Lord Charles Spencer, who lost it on the fall of the Bute Ministry and was replaced by Benjamin Bathurst. Bathurst, in turn, was displaced by the Rockingham administration. The office now passed to Col. George Onslow, first cousin to the previous George, who received a grant of it for life for supporting the ministry.[6] Upon his death, it was given to Viscount Cranley, the son of the first George Onslow, who held it until its abolition in the early 19th century.[9]Salary and perquisitesThe office was originally unsalaried, but after its revival in 1715, it paid £600 per year,[5] of which about £200 had to be dispersed to pay under-keepers. Another source gives the salary as £500 per year, increased to £900 around 1776.[7] It had grown to £1,200 per year when the office was abolished.[8] A small lodge named Fan Grove on the edge of Windsor Forest was formerly the property of the out-ranger. It was used as a residence by Admiral Sir Richard Onslow, 1st Baronet, younger brother of Col. George Onslow.[9] List of Out-Rangers
References1. ^{{cite book | title=The House of Commons 1690–1715 v. 1 | first1=David | last1=Hayton | first2=Eveline | last2=Cruickshanks | authorlink2=Eveline Cruickshanks | first3=Stuart | last3=Handley | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2002 | pages=19–21 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KI8sK5qHYz8C&pg=PA19 | accessdate=16 December 2008 | isbn=978-0-521-77221-1}} 2. ^{{cite book | title=The Unreformed House of Commons v. 1 | first1=Edward | last1=Porritt | first2=Evelyn G. | last2=Porritt | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1903 | pages=243 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfQKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA243 | accessdate=16 December 2008}} 3. ^{{cite journal | last=Chafetz | first=Josh | title=Leaving the House: The Constitutional Status of Resignation from the House of Representatives | journal=Duke Law Journal | volume=58 | issue=2 |date=November 2008 | pages=191–192}} 4. ^Calendar of Treasury Papers 5. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwwRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA521 Onslow MSS, pp. 520–521] 6. ^{{cite book | first=G. F. R | last=Barker | chapter=Onslow, George (1731–1792) | editor=rev. Ian K. R. Archer | title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2004 | url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/20789 | accessdate=27 November 2007}} 7. ^{{cite journal | title=Sporting Intelligence | journal=Sporting Magazine |date=December 1792 | pages=169 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vr0CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA169 | accessdate=16 December 2008}} 8. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=V8ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA1090 Hansard, 30 March 1830] 9. ^{{cite book | title=A Topographical History of Surrey | first1=Edward Wedlake | last1=Brayley | authorlink1=Edward Wedlake Brayley | first2=John | last2=Britton | authorlink2=John Britton (antiquary) | first3=Gideon Algernon | last3=Mantell | authorlink3=Gideon Mantell | first4=Thomas | last4=Allom | authorlink4=Thomas Allom | pages=224 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6PcGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224 | accessdate=16 December 2008 | year=1850}} 10. ^1 2 [https://books.google.com/books?id=cI1nAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA96 Calendar of State Papers Domestic] 11. ^{{London Gazette|issue=6490|page=1|date=28 June 1726}} 12. ^{{London Gazette|issue=7902|page=1|date=15 April 1740}} 13. ^{{London Gazette|issue=9362|page=2|date=9 April 1754}} 14. ^{{London Gazette|issue=10282|page=1|date=25 January 1763}} 15. ^{{London Gazette|issue=10310|page=3|date=3 May 1763}} 16. ^{{London Gazette|issue=13488|page=975|date=25 December 1792}} 17. ^R. G. Thorne, ONSLOW, Hon. Thomas (1754-1827), of Harley Street, Mdx. and West Clandon, Surr. in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790-1820 (1986). 2 : Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom|Windsor Great Park |
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