词条 | Ouvrage Bréhain |
释义 |
|name=Ouvrage Bréhain |partof=Maginot Line |location=Northeast France |coordinates = {{coord|49.44426|5.90379|type:landmark|display=inline}} |image= |caption= |map_type = France |map_size = 280 |type= |code= |built= |builder=CORF |materials=Concrete, steel, deep excavation |height= |used= |demolished= |condition= |ownership= |open_to_public= |controlledby=France |garrison= |current_commander= |commanders= |occupants= |battles=Battle of France, Lorraine Campaign |events= }}{{Maginot Line Infobox |localisation= |type=GO |year= |sector=Fortified Sector of the Crusnes |sub-sector=Sub-sector of Aumetz |number=A6 |regiment=128th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF), 152nd Position Artillery Regiment (RAP) |blocks=9 |entrance=EM+EH |strength=22 officers, 615 men |picture= |caption= }} Ouvrage Bréhain is part of the Fortified Sector of the Crusnes of the Maginot Line, located near the community of Bréhain-la-Ville in the Meurthe-et-Moselle département of France. Bréhain is flanked by petits ouvrages Mauvais Bois and Aumetz. The gros ouvrage was equipped with long-range artillery, and faced the border with Luxembourg. It saw no major action in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. While not open to public visitation, it has been secured and is in relatively good condition when compared to other abandoned Maginot positions. A flanking casemate has been restored and may be visited. Design and constructionBréhain was approved for construction in May 1931. It was completed at a cost of 84 million francs by the contractor Ballot of Paris.[1] Compared with its neighbors, the ultimate plans for Aumetz, Bréhain, Bois-du-Four and Ouvrage Mauvais-Bois closely resemble each other, but Bréhain is the most fully realized, with only one unbuilt combat block and an unconnected casemate block. Its neighbors were built as petits ouvrages, to be developed with full tunnel networks at a later date.[2] DescriptionBréhain is a large ouvrage{{#tag:ref|English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defensives in the form of walls and ditches.[3] The ouvrage has two entries and eight combat blocks:
Casemates and sheltersA series of detached casemates and infantry shelters surround Bréhain, including
The Casernement d'Errouville provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Bréhain and other fortifications in the area.[21] The Observatiore de la Ferme du Bois-du-Four near the petit ouvrage Bois-du-Four reported to Bréhain,[22] as did the Observatiore de Haut-de-la-Vigne near Mauvais-Bois.[23] ManningThe 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Commandant Vanier comprised 615 men and 22 officers of the 128th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 152nd Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2.[24] History1940See Fortified Sector of the Crusnes for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Crusnes sector of the Maginot Line. On 21 June 1940 Brehain engaged advancing German troops, but saw no serious action [25] Bréhain's chief efforts went to the support of neighboring fortifications, with 20,250 75mm, 1,780 81mm and 2,220 135mm shells fired between September 1939 and June 1940. 4200 shots were fired in support of actions at Esch 10–14 May 1940, and 10,145 shots of all kinds were fired 13–25 June 1940.[26] The 22 June 1940 armistice brought an end to fighting.[27] However, the Maginot fortifications to the west of the Moselle did not surrender immediately, maintaining their garrisons through a series of negotiations. Bréhain, along with Mauvais-Bois, Bois-du-Four and Aumetz surrendered on 27 June.[28] Cold WarIn 1951 Bréhain was renovated for use against a potential invasion by Warsaw Pact forces, becoming part of the môle de Rochonvillers strongpoint in company with Rochonvillers, Molvange and later Immerhof.[29] After the establishment of the French nuclear strike force, the importance of the Line declined, and most locations were sold to the public or abandoned.[30] Current conditionThe site has been secured since its abandonment and is in relatively good condition. It remains property of the Army.[31] Casemate C2, located along the RN 52 road, has been restored and may at times be open to the public.[19][32] See also
Notes1. ^Mary, Tome 1, p. 52 2. ^1 Mary, Tome 3, pp. 84–86 3. ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 13 4. ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 20 5. ^Mary, Tome 2, p. 35 6. ^Kaufmann 2006, p.30 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_la_Crusnes/GO/Brehain/Brehain.html|title=Artilleriewerk (G.O.) Bréhain - A6 |last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=4 May 2010}} 8. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 85 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3121|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Entrée munitions|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|last2=Aublet |first2=Jean-Louis |last3=Mainguin |first3=Sylvie|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3120|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Entrée hommes|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3111|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 1|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3112|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 2|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3113|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 3|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3114|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 4|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3115|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 5|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3116|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 6|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3117|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 7|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3118|title=Bréhain (go A6 de) Bloc 8|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|year=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=4 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://thetunnel.free.fr/maginot/mag-visites.php?var=&n=2|title=Tourisme sur la ligne Maginot|year=2010|work=Le Tunnel|language=French|accessdate=14 May 2010}} 20. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 86 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_la_Crusnes/SF_de_la_Crusnes.html|title=Festungsabschnitt Crusnes|last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=5 May 2010}} 22. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 85 23. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 84 24. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 79 25. ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 172 26. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 205 27. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 207 28. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 228 29. ^Mary, Tome 5, pp. 161, 171 30. ^Mary, Tome 5, pp. 174-175 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bunkertours.co.uk/brehain.htm|title=Bréhain|publisher=bunkertours.co.uk|accessdate=4 May 2010}} 32. ^Kaufmann 2011, p. 217 ReferencesBibliography
External links
4 : Fortified sector of the Crusnes|Maginot Line|Môle de Rochonvillers|World War II museums in France |
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