| 词条 | Ouvrage Mont des Welches |
| 释义 |
|name=Ouvrage Mont des Welches |partof=Maginot Line |location=Northeast France |coordinates = {{coord|49.31806|6.40847|type:landmark|display=inline}} |image= |caption= |map_type = France |map_size = 280 |type= |code= |built= |builder= |materials=Concrete, steel, deep excavation |height= |used=Abandoned |demolished= |condition= |ownership= |open_to_public= |controlledby=France |garrison= |current_commander= |commanders= |occupants= |battles=Battle of France, Lorraine Campaign |events= }}{{Maginot Line Infobox |localisation= |type=GO |year= |sector=Fortified Sector of Boulay |sub-sector=Hombourg-Budange |number=A21 |regiment=164th Fortress Infantry Regiment, 153rd Position Artillery Regiment |blocks=7 |entrance=EM+EH |strength=490 enlisted + 17 officers (1940) |picture= |caption= }} Ouvrage Mont des Welches, a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line fortifications, is part of the Fortified Sector of Boulay. It comprises two entrance blocks, one infantry block, one artillery block, one observation block and two combination blocks. It is located between petit ouvrage Coucou and gros ouvrage Michelsberg, facing Germany. Relatively small for a gros ouvrage, Mont des Welches saw a brief period of sharp action in June 1940, when German forces moving along the rear of the Maginot Line engaged the position without success. After modest renovations in the 1950s, Mont des Welches was abandoned in the 1970s. Design and constructionMont des Welches was approved for construction by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in June 1930 and became operational by 1935,[1] at a cost of 49 million francs.[2] The contractor was Gianotti of Nice.[3] DescriptionThe comparatively small gros ouvrage{{#tag:ref|English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches.[4] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.[5]|group="nb"}} comprises two entrance blocks, one infantry block, one artillery block, one observation block, and two combination blocks. It lacks a central "M1" ammunition magazine, and unlike most gros ouvrages, its 60 cm internal rail network was not electrified, relying on human power to move the rail cars. The underground gallery system is compact, about {{convert|200|m|ft}} from end to end, and unlike larger ouvrages where the gallery system is linear in concept, the central portion of Mont des Welches is a dense network of cross galleries between to main galleries, housing the barracks and utility areas.[6] The galleries are excavated at an average depth of up to {{convert|30|m|ft}}.[7]
Casemates and sheltersIn addition to the connected combat blocks, a series of detached casemates and infantry shelters surround Mont des Welches, including
ManningThe manning of the ouvrage in June 1940 comprised 490 men and 17 officers of the 167th Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 151st Position Artillery Regiment, commanded by Chef de Bataillon Tari. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2.[6] The Casernement de Férange provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Michelsberg and other positions in the area.[6][17] HistorySee Fortified Sector of Boulay for a broader discussion of the Boulay sector of the Maginot Line. 1940No attempt was made by the Germans to directly attack this central portion of the Maginot Line, the Germans preferring to go around the west end of the Line and take the Line from the rear. Mont des Welches provided covering fire to other ouvrages in the area through June as the Germans advanced eastwards behind French lines. On 15 June the German 1st Army broke through the Line at the Saar and pushed west and east along the Line, enveloping the French armies.[18] The German 95th Infantry Division under von Amim advanced on Mont des Welches on 21 June, with advance patrols taking fire the same day. An assault using 8.8cm guns was mounted against Blocks 2 and 3, but was disrupted by fire from the entry block's cloches. Artillery fire from blocks 4 and 6 and fire from the personnel entry destroyed a German battery. Hackenberg joined to provide further support. The fort remained under French control until the armistice of 25 June 1940. Mont des Welches's garrison evacuated on 4 July 1940.[19] Mont des Welches was partially appropriated by the Reichspost, serving as a depot for post office equipment.[20] 1944During the Lorraine Campaign only Hackenberg was occupied by the Germans; Mont des Welches played no role in that campaign.[21] Cold WarFollowing World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany. Funds were allocated for restoration of the gros ouvrages Work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament.[22] The renovations did not include the command post or the barracks. By 1956, Mont des Welches had been designated part of the Mòle de Boulay, a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack.[23] By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after France developed a nuclear deterrent. The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Mont des Welches was maintained for use by the Army until 1971 when it was placed in second-class reserve.[24] Current conditionMuch of the fortification's equipment has been removed for use in other Maginot museums. The lands remain military property. The entrances have been buried.[25] See also
Notes1. ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 25| 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_Boulay/GO/Mont_des_Welches/Mont_des_Welches.html|title=Artilleriewerk (G.O.) Mont des Welches - A21 |last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=3 May 2010}} 3. ^Mary, Tome 1, p. 52 4. ^Kaufmann 2006, p.13 5. ^Kaufmann 2006, p. 20 6. ^1 2 3 Mary, Tome 3, p. 102 7. ^Mary, Tome 2, p. 117 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3688|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 1|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3689|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 2|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3690|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 3|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3691|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 4|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3692|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 5|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3694|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 6|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fortiff.be/maginot/index.php?p=3693|title=Welsches (go A21 du mont des) Bloc 6b|last=Puelinckx|first=Jean|date=2010|work=Index de la Ligne Maginot|publisher=fortiff.be|language=French|accessdate=21 May 2010|display-authors=etal}} 15. ^Kauffmann, p. 14 16. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 104 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_la_Crusnes/SF_de_la_Boulay.html|title=Festungsabschnitt Boulay|last=Wahl|first=J.B.|publisher=darkplaces.org|language=German|accessdate=21 May 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121205045445/http://www.darkplaces.org/Frankreich/WW2/Ligne_Maginot/SF_de_la_Crusnes/SF_de_la_Boulay.html|archivedate=5 December 2012|df=}} 18. ^Mary, Tome 3, pp. 203, 209 19. ^Mary, Tome 3, p. 235 20. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 139 21. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 141 22. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 165 23. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 171 24. ^Mary, Tome 5, p. 175 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bunkertours.co.uk/mont%20des%20welches.htm|title=Bunkertours - Mont Des Welches |accessdate=21 May 2010 |work= }} ReferencesBibliography
External links
3 : Fortified sector of Boulay|Môle de Boulay|Maginot Line |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。