| 词条 | Packard-Le Père LUSAC-11 | |||||||||||
| 释义 |
The LUSAC-11 (Lepère United States Army Combat) was an early American two-seat fighter aircraft. It was a French design, commissioned and built in the United States during World War I and ordered in large numbers by the United States Army Air Corps, but these were cancelled at the end of the war, and only 30 were built. The type was used for experimental purposes, setting several altitude records during the 1920s. Design and developmentWhen the U.S. entered World War I, the Signal Corps had just 55 aircraft,[1] none fit for combat. The American Expeditionary Force was equipped with French types,[1] and the LUSAC was part of a plan to build French designs in the U.S. Georges Lepère,[2] a member of the French Aeronautical Mission to the United States, was tasked by the Engineering Division of the United States Army Air Service to design a two-seat escort fighter.[4] His design was a two-bay biplane with upper and lower wings of equal span with forward stagger. It was of wood and fabric construction, with the fuselage consisting of a wooden box girder with plywood covering. It was powered by a 425 hp (317 kW) Liberty L-12 engine cooled by a radiator faired into the upper wing. Armament was two .30 inch (7.62 mm) machine guns synchronized to fire through the propeller, with two Lewis guns flexibly mounted on a Scarff ring at the observer's cockpit.[3]Large orders for the new design were placed, with Packard, Brewster & Co., and the Fisher Body Corporation, a total of 3,525 ordered. The first prototype made its maiden flight at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, on 15 May 1918. Despite a forced landing due to fuel starvation on its first flight, testing proved successful, with speeds of 136 mph (219 km/h) being reached.[4] Only two prototypes and 25 production aircraft (by Packard) were completed by the Armistice that marked the end of World War I, and led to mass cancellation of outstanding orders for the LUSAC-11.[7] Three additional aircraft were completed with 420 hp (317 kW) Bugatti 16 engines as LUSAC-21s. These were delivered in August 1919. In addition, three strafer aircraft were built, as LUSAGH (Le Père United States Army Ground Harassment), one with Bugatti engine (LUSAGH-21), two with Liberty engines (LUSAGH-11). There was also an experimental triplane, the LUSAO-11 (Le Père United States Army Observation), which used two Liberty L-12As. Operational historyTwo LUSAC-11s were sent to France for evaluation by the Army Air Service just before the end of the War, which resulted in the type being considered unsuitable for combat. A further aircraft was sent for evaluation by the French Aéronautique Militaire.[7] The LUSACs saw no squadron service, being used as liaison aircraft by US Military attaches in Europe, and for trials work in the United States.[7] One LUSAC-11, fitted with one of the first turbochargers,[5] flown by Major Rudolf Schroeder (de) made an attempt for the world altitude record on 27 February 1920. Schroeder's oxygen supply failed during the attempt, causing the pilot to pass out, only regaining consciousness close to the ground. He was hospitalized after the near-disaster. Nevertheless, the aircraft had reached a height of 33,113 feet (10,099 m), a new world record.[6][7][8] The same aircraft was flown to a height of 34,508 ft (10,518 m) on 28 September 1921 by Lieutenant John A. Macready,[4] for which he won the Mackay Trophy. The record held for almost two years.[9] SurvivorsA single LUSAC-11 survives today, preserved at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.[10] Operators
Specifications (LUSAC-11){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The American Fighter[11] |crew=two (pilot & observer/gunner) |length main=25 ft 3 in |length alt=7.69 m |span main=41 ft 7 in |span alt=12.67 m |height main=10 ft 7 in |height alt=3.22 m |area main=415.6 sq ft |area alt=68.60 m² |empty weight main=2,561 lb |empty weight alt=1,162 kg |loaded weight main=3,745 lb |loaded weight alt=1,669 kg |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |engine (prop)=Liberty L-12 |type of prop=liquid-cooled V12 engine |number of props=1 |power main=425 hp |power alt=317 kW |max speed main=133 mph |max speed alt=116 knots, 214 km/h |max speed more=at sea level |cruise speed main=118 mph |cruise speed more=103 knots, 190 mph |range main=320 mi |range alt=278 nmi, 515 km |ceiling main=20,200 ft |ceiling alt=6,157 m |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |more performance=*Climb to 6,500 ft (1,980 m): 6 min |loading main= |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |guns=[12]
|bombs= }} References{{commons}}1. ^1 Fitzsimons 1978, p.1782. 2. ^Fitzsimons 1978, p. 1783. 3. ^Owers 1993, p. 49. 4. ^Owers 1993, pp. 49–50. 5. ^{{cite book|last=Bilstein|first=Roger|title=Flight Patterns: Trends of Aeronautical Development in the United States, 1918–1929|isbn=0-8203-3214-3|pages=108–109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WuLaGcMogoC&lpg=PA108&dq=sanford%20moss&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 6. ^Owers 1993, p. 51. 7. ^Flight 4 March 1920, p. 265. 8. ^Flight 16 December 1920, p. 1274. 9. ^Flight 7 February 1924, p. 75. 10. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20130404182732/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=325 "Factsheets:Packard LePere LUSAC 11"]. National Museum of the US Air Force. Retrieved 16 July 2017. 11. ^1 2 Angelucci and Bowers 1987, p. 195. 12. ^1 2 3 Owers 1993, p. 50.
5 : Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|United States fighter aircraft 1910–1919|Engineering Division aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1918 |
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