| 词条 | Palapa-D |
| 释义 |
| name = Palapa-D | image = | image_caption = | mission_type = Communication | operator = Indosat Ooredoo | website = | COSPAR_ID = 2009-046A | SATCAT = 35812 | mission_duration = 15 years (planned) 10.5 years (expected)[1] | spacecraft_bus = Spacebus-4000B3 | manufacturer = Thales Alenia Space[2] | dry_mass = | launch_mass = | power = | launch_date = {{start-date|31 August 2009, 09:28|timezone=yes}} UTC | launch_rocket = Chang Zheng 3B/E | launch_site = Xichang LA-2 | launch_contractor = | entered_service = | disposal_type = | deactivated = | orbit_epoch = 23 January 2015, 13:40:35 UTC[3] | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Geostationary | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|35783|km|mi}}[3] | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|35803|km|mi}}[3] | orbit_inclination = 0.03 degrees[3] | orbit_period = 1436.13 minutes[3] | orbit_longitude = 113° East | orbit_slot = | apsis = gee | trans_band = | trans_frequency = | trans_bandwidth = | trans_capacity = | trans_coverage = | trans_TWTA = | trans_EIRP = | trans_HPBW = }}Palapa-D, also known as Palapa D1, is an Indonesian geostationary communications satellite which is operated by Indosat Ooredoo. It was built by Thales Alenia Space, based on the Spacebus-4000B3 satellite bus, and carries 35 G/H band and 5 J band transponders (US IEEE C and Ku bands respectively). It is positioned in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 113° East, where it will replace the Palapa C2 satellite.[4]Indosat ordered Palapa-D from Thales Alenia Space in 2007.[5] The satellite was built without using American components, and was therefore not restricted by US International Traffic in Arms Regulations,[6] which allowed the China Great Wall Industry Corporation to be selected as a launch service provider.[7] LaunchA Long March 3B rocket, flying from Launch Area 2 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre was used to launch Palapa-D. A problem with the third stage of its carrier rocket left it in an incorrect orbit,[8] which was subsequently corrected using the spacecraft's onboard propulsion system. After launch, Palapa-D was to have separated from its carrier rocket into a geosynchronous transfer orbit, however one of its two identical upper-stage engines failed to deliver the necessary thrust,[9][10] resulting in it reaching a lower orbit than planned. The 400 newton apogee motor of the satellite was subsequently used, in a non-nominally mode{{Clarify|date=September 2009}} to raise it into geostationary orbit.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} Recovery and operationsOn 3 September, the satellite's orbit was adjusted, placing it into a geostationary transfer orbit.[11] It reached geostationary orbit on 9 September.[12] It underwent on-orbit testing, and arrived at its orbital slot of 113° East in mid-September. After completing its testing, it is now being used to provide communications to Asia and Australia. Palapa-D was built with a design life of fifteen years, but due to the expenditure of fuel during maneuvers to correct its orbit, it is expected to have enough fuel for about ten years of operations, according to Reynald Seznec, President of Thales Alenia Space.[13][14] See also{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
References1. ^Thales Alenia Space announced that the Palapa-D communications satellite is now positioned at its final location (113° East) and fully ready for operations for more than 10.5 years, Cannes, November 16, Thales Alenia Space statement concerning In Orbit Acceptance Review of the Palapa-D satellite {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727113600/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/Markets/Space/2009/Thales_Alenia_Space_statement_concerning_In_Orbit_Acceptance_Review_of_the_Palapa-D_satellite/?pid=1575&LangType=2057 |date=27 July 2011 }} {{Orbital launches in 2009}}{{Indonesian Space Program|state=open}}{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_020909_Thales_Alenia_Space_statement_concerning_Palapa-D_satellite/|title=Thales Alenia Space statement concerning Palapa-D satellite|date=2009-09-02|publisher=Thales Alenia Space|accessdate=2009-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904185424/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_020909_Thales_Alenia_Space_statement_concerning_Palapa-D_satellite/|archive-date=4 September 2009|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=35812|title=PALAPA D Satellite details 2009-046A NORAD 35812|publisher=N2YO|date=23 January 2015|accessdate=25 January 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spacemart.com/reports/Thales_Alenia_Space_To_Build_Palapa_D_Satellite_For_Indosat_999.html|title=Thales Alenia Space To Build Palapa-D Satellite For Indosat|date=2007-07-02|publisher=Space Mart|accessdate=2009-08-23}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/29/content_11964124.htm |title=China to launch Indonesia's communications satellite |publisher=China View |date= 2009-08-29}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/JL04Ad01.html|title=US firms tired of being shut out |last=Brown|first=Peter J.|date=2008-12-04|publisher=Asia Times|accessdate=2009-08-23}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/spacenews/archive07/palapa_0702.html|title= PT Indosat Picks Chinese Rocket To Launch Its New Telecom Sat|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|date=2007-07-09|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=2009-08-23}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/08/chang-zheng-3b-suffers-third-stage-problem-palapa-d/|title=Chang Zheng-3B suffers third stage problem during Palapa-D launch|last=Barbosa|first=Rui C|date=2009-08-31|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|accessdate=2009-08-31}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/31/content_11973680.htm|title=Indonesian satellite launched in China fails to enter orbit |last=Tong|first=Xiong|date=2009-08-31|publisher=Xinhua|accessdate=2009-08-31}} 10. ^http://www.spacenews.com/launch/long-march-mishap-findings-due-mid-november.html 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_030909_Thales_Alenia_Space_statement_concerning_orbital_positioning_of_the_Palapa-D_satellite/?pid=1575|title=Thales Alenia Space statement concerning orbital positioning of the Palapa-D satellite|date=2009-09-03|publisher=Thales Alenia Space|accessdate=2009-09-11|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727113143/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_030909_Thales_Alenia_Space_statement_concerning_orbital_positioning_of_the_Palapa-D_satellite/?pid=1575|archivedate=27 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_090909_Palapa-D_communications_satellite_now_in_geostationary_orbit/?pid=1575&LangType=2057|title=Palapa-D communications satellite now in geostationary orbit|publisher=Thales Alenia Space|date=2009-09-09|accessdate=2009-09-11|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727113255/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Press_Releases/space_090909_Palapa-D_communications_satellite_now_in_geostationary_orbit/?pid=1575&LangType=2057|archivedate=27 July 2011|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/12/content_12041666.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922192957/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-09/12/content_12041666.htm |archivedate=22 September 2009 |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spacenews.com/launch/palapa-d-salvaged-after-being-launched-into-wrong-orbit.html|last=de Selding|first=Peter|date=2009-09-11|title=Palapa-D to be Salvaged After Being Launched into Wrong Orbit|publisher=Space News|accessdate=2009-09-11}} 6 : Communications in Indonesia|Spacecraft launched in 2009|Space program of Indonesia|Partial satellite launch failures|Communications satellites in geostationary orbit|Satellites using the Spacebus bus |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。