“London Borough of Lewisham”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lewisham ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-LBLewisham.ogg|ˈ|l|uː|ɪ|ʃ|əm}}) is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Inner London. The principal settlement of the borough is Lewisham. The local authority is Lewisham London Borough Council and it is based in Catford.

The Prime Meridian passes through Lewisham. Blackheath, Goldsmiths, University of London and Millwall F.C. are located within the borough.

History

The borough was formed in 1965, by the London Government Act 1963, as an amalgamation of the former area of the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham and the Metropolitan Borough of Deptford, which had been created in 1900 as divisions of the County of London.^[1]

Minor boundary changes have occurred since its creation. The most significant amendments were made in 1996, when the former area of the Royal Docks in Deptford was transferred from the London Borough of Greenwich.^[2]

Geography

The borough is surrounded by the Royal Borough of Greenwich to the east, the London Borough of Bromley to the south and the London Borough of Southwark to the west. The River Thames forms a short section of northern boundary with the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Deptford Creek, Pool River, River Quaggy and River Ravensbourne pass through the borough.

Major landmarks include All Saints Church in Blackheath, the Citibank Tower in Lewisham, Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church (Sydenham's German Church, technically located in Forest Hill) and the Horniman Museum in Forest Hill. Millwall F.C. are based in the borough, their stadium The Den being located in South Bermondsey.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census,^[3] Lewisham has a population of 275,885, is 53% white and 47% {{abbr|BME|Black and Minority Ethnic}}, and 43% of households are owner-occupiers.

A 2017 report by [https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk Trust for London] and the [https://www.npi.org.uk New Policy Institute] found that Lewisham has a poverty rate of 26%, close to the London-wide figure of 27%.^[4]

Civic affairs

Motto

The motto of the borough is "Salus Populi Suprema Lex", which means (roughly translated) "The welfare of the people [is] the highest law."

Administration

The current interim Chief Executive is Janet Senior. The borough is administered by the four directorates of the council: Children and Young People, Community Services, Customer Services, and Resources & Regeneration.

Twinning

The borough has also signed a "friendship link" with Ekurhuleni, near Johannesburg, South Africa.

Freedom of the Borough

Politics

Wards

The London Borough of Lewisham is divided into 18 wards, first used in the 2002 elections, they are:

Previous wards

Previously the borough was divided into 26 wards and 6 areas, used for elections from 1978 to 1998. Some of these former wards had the same names as the present wards, but their borders were different. When the wards were revised for 2002, some became larger, absorbing parts of other previous wards, the number of wards changed from 26 to 18. The previous wards and areas used from 1978 to 1998 were:

London Borough Council

Lewisham's council, unlike most English councils, is led by a directly-elected mayor. The first mayoral election was in 2002 and was won by the Labour Party candidate, Steve Bullock, who was re-elected in 2006, 2010 and 2014. Following the 2018 council elections, there are 54 Labour Party councillors and none for other parties. The current mayor is Damien Egan.

Westminster Parliament

The borough includes the constituencies of Lewisham Deptford, Lewisham West and Penge and Lewisham East.

These are the MPs who have represented constituencies covered by the borough since its formation in 1964. Note that constituencies change their boundaries over time, even where names remain the same.

Education

The London's Poverty Profile, a report by Trust for London and the New Policy Institute, found that 42% of 19 year olds in Lewisham lack level 3 qualifications. This is the 3rd worst rate out of 32 boroughs.^[8]

Transport

Lewisham station, once known as Lewisham Junction, is located at the junction of the lines to Dartford and Hayes, and is also the terminus of the southern branch of the Docklands Light Railway.

The East London Line (on the London Underground network) terminated at New Cross and New Cross Gate until December 2007. An extension to this line opened on 23 May 2010, serving Brockley, Honor Oak Park, Forest Hill, and Sydenham. This forms part of the London Overground network.

The South London Line runs along the extreme North West of the borough, at present there are no stations that are within the borough. There is a proposal for a new station at {{rws|New Bermondsey}} providing a link to Clapham Junction.

Railway stations

DLR stations

London Underground

There are no Tube stations in the borough, as the East London Line is now part of London Overground. However, Lewisham Council and Network Rail would like the Bakerloo line extended from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham and Hayes.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Cycling

Main roads

Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: train, 18.6% of all residents aged 16–74; driving a car or van, 11.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 11.2%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 9.7%; on foot, 4.3%; work mainly at or from home, 2.8%; bicycle, 2.6%.^[9]

48% of households in the borough are car free, compared to 42% across Greater London.^[10]

Sport and leisure

Millwall Football Club was originally formed in 1885, in Millwall on the Isle of Dogs, East London. They retained the name, even though they moved across the river to New Cross, South London in 1910. In 1993 they moved to their current stadium, The Den which is in Bermondsey, but falls under the Borough of Lewisham. The Borough has a Non-League football club Lewisham Borough Football Club, who play at the Ladywell Arena, Catford.

See also

References

1. ^Vision of Britain {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311174213/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10108676&c_id=10001043 |date=11 March 2007 }} – Lewisham LB
2. ^OPSI – The Greenwich and Lewisham (London Borough Boundaries) Order 1993
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lewisham.gov.uk/inmyarea/Documents/2011CensusSecondReleaseDec2012.pdf|title=2011 Census Second Release December 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=London's Poverty Profile |url=https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/boroughs/lewisham-poverty-and-inequality-indicators/ |website=Trust for London |accessdate=3 July 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057346&c_id=10001043&add=N|title=Lewisham: Total Population |accessdate=6 September 2011 |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=Great Britain Historical GIS Project }}
6. ^Supplement to the London Gazette 1 January 1967, p. 15
7. ^Supplement to the London Gazette 3 June 1978, p. 6237
8. ^{{cite web |title=London's Poverty Profile |url=https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/19-year-old-qualifications-borough/ |website=Trust for London |accessdate=3 July 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey’s longest part by distance.
10. ^2011 Census, Car or Van Availability (QS416EW)