“London Bridge (Lake Havasu City)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

London Bridge is a bridge in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. It was built in the 1830s and formerly spanned the River Thames in London, England. It was dismantled in 1967 and relocated to Arizona. The Arizona bridge is a reinforced concrete structure clad in the original masonry of the 1830s bridge, which was purchased by Robert P. McCulloch from the City of London. McCulloch had exterior granite blocks from the original bridge numbered and transported to America to construct the present bridge in Lake Havasu City, a planned community he established in 1964 on the shore of Lake Havasu. The bridge was completed in 1971 (along with a canal), and links an island in the Colorado River with the main part of Lake Havasu City.

History

The 1831 London Bridge was the last project of engineer John Rennie and was completed by his son, John Rennie the Younger.^[3] By 1962, the bridge was not sound enough to support the increased load of modern traffic, and it was sold by the City of London.

The purchaser, Robert P. McCulloch, the chairman of McCulloch Oil Corporation, was the founder of Lake Havasu City, his retirement real estate development on the east shore of Lake Havasu, a large reservoir on the Colorado River. McCulloch purchased the bridge as a tourist attraction for Lake Havasu, which was then far from the usual tourist track. The idea was successful, bringing interested tourists and retirement home buyers to the area.

It is a popular rumor that the bridge was bought in the belief that it was London's more recognizable Tower Bridge,^[4]^[5]^[6] but this was ardently denied by McCulloch himself and by Ivan Luckin, who sold the bridge.^[7]

Originally, the deserted Lake Havasu vacant land was given to the state of Arizona by the U.S. Federal Government. The federal property was an abandoned military landing strip. McCulloch made a deal with the state government and received the property for free with a promise to develop the land. But the real estate agents could not bring in prospective buyers, because the land was far from centers of population and had a very hot, arid climate. McCulloch's real estate agent, Robert Plumer, learned that London Bridge was for sale and convinced McCulloch to buy it and bring it to the area to attract potential land buyers. The initial response from McCulloch was, "That's the craziest idea I have ever heard," but after consideration, he decided to go ahead and purchased it for $2.46m (£1.78m). Plumer then arranged with a cargo shipping company that was going to sail a newly-built ship from Great Britain to the United States without any cargo. Plumer said they would pay for all operating costs of the sailing, which was far less than the going rate shipping costs. The bridge's facing stones were disassembled, and each was numbered. After the bridge was dismantled, it was transported to Merrivale Quarry where {{convert|15|to|20|cm|1|abbr=in}} were sliced off many of the original stones. The bridge arrived in pieces at the Port of Long Beach, California and was transported overland to Lake Havasu City, where re-assembly began in 1968. On 23 September 1968, the foundation stone was relaid by Sir Gilbert Inglefield, Lord Mayor of London.^[8]

The original stonework was used to clad a new concrete structure.^[2] The reconstruction took slightly over three years and was completed in late 1971. The bridge was not reconstructed over a river, but rather it was rebuilt on land in a position between the main part of the city and Pittsburgh Point, at that time a peninsula jutting into Lake Havasu. Once completed, the Bridgewater Channel Canal was dredged under the bridge and flooded, separating Pittsburgh Point from the city, creating an island. As a result, the bridge now traverses a navigable shortcut between the Thompson Bay part of Lake Havasu south of Pittsburgh Point, and the remainder of Lake Havasu to the north.^[9]

After the bridge was reconstructed, prospective buyers of land were attracted to visit the bridge and take a tour of properties for sale. Land sales improved, and McCulloch recouped all his expenses on the purchase and shipping of the bridge. Since he had obtained the land at no cost, the sale of the properties paid for the bridge and more. Recent years have seen much development in the area of the bridge to increase tourist interest. The original "English Village", a quaint English-style open-air mall with hedge maze and historical museum deteriorated, with sections leveled. A revitalization of the English Village was undertaken by the Lake Havasu City Convention & Visitors Bureau.^[10] Condos were proposed in 2011 by the owner, Virtual Realty Enterprises.^[11]

Image gallery

References

1. ^{{Structurae|id=20001392|title=London Bridge (1831)}}
2. ^¹²{{cite book |last = Jackson |first = Donald C. |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = Great American Bridges and Dams |publisher = Wiley |year = 1988 |location = |url = |doi = |id = |isbn = 0-471-14385-5 |page = 245}}
3. ^John Murray 1874 "[https://archive.org/stream/handbooktolondon00john#page/42/mode/2up Handbook to London As It Is]", p. 43.
4. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015846/http://www.popularmechanics.com/outdoors/boating/1277231.html?page=3&c=y Polaris EX2100/LE2100 Sport Boats] Popular Mechanics, December 2003, archived on September 30, 2007 from Polaris EX2100/LE2100 the original
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/print/0,,5085792-103700,00.html|title=Bridges|last=Oliver|first=Mark|date=2004-12-14|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2010-05-11|location=}}
6. ^'If That's The Acropolis, How Come It Don't Chime?' in Alan Coren The Sanity Inspector Coronet Books, 1974. {{ISBN|0-340-19912-1}}
7. ^[https://www.webcitation.org/65maWrJ0h?url=http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/archive/2002/03/27/Hertfordshire+Archive/5754223.How_London_Bridge_was_sold_to_the_States/ How London Bridge Was Sold To The States] This Is Local London, March 27, 2002
8. ^{{cite book|last=Elborough|first=Travis|title=London Bridge in America: The Tall Story of a Transatlantic Crossing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EW_YhRYKxlcC&pg=PA211|accessdate=30 July 2014|date=2013-02-07|publisher=Random House|isbn=9781448181674|pages=211–212}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=Frederic B. Wildfang|title=Lake Havasu City|location=Chicago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_5bdQIrEzQC&pg=PA107|accessdate=2 May 2013|date=29 September 2005|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-3012-3|pages=105–122}}
10. ^https://golakehavasu.com/activities/attractions/london-bridge/the-english-village/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820111454/https://golakehavasu.com/activities/attractions/london-bridge/the-english-village/ |date=2017-08-20 }} the-english-village
11. ^http://www.havasunews.com/news/english-village-owner-in-lake-havasu-city-to-present-big/article_ae609cba-2423-5beb-b1dd-f48ca2c674ce.html

External links