| 词条 | Londrina | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Londrina, Paraná, Brazil |settlement_type = Municipality |official_name = The Municipality of Londrina |nickname = Pequena Londres ("Little London") / Capital do Café ("Coffee Capital") |motto = |image_skyline = Vista da Uel.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Londrina in the afternoon |image_flag = Bandeira londrina.svg |image_seal = Brasao Londrina Parana Brasil.svg |image_map = Parana Municip Londrina.svg |mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map = Brazil |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil. |map_caption = Location in Paraná |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = Mesoregion |subdivision_type3 = Microregion |subdivision_name = {{flagicon|BRA}} Brazil |subdivision_name1 = Paraná |subdivision_name2 = Norte Central Paranaense |subdivision_name3 = Londrina |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Marcelo Belinati (PP) |established_title = Founded{{clarify|date=November 2017}} |established_date = December 10, 1934 |area_total_km2 = 1650.809 |area_total_sq_mi = 637 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2013 |population_note = |population_total = 537566 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = |population_demonym = Londrinense |population_footnotes = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |timezone = BRT |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 |coordinates = {{coord|23|18|36|S|51|09|46|W|region:BR-PR|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 610 |elevation_ft = |area_code = +55 43 |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 86000-000 |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = {{official website|http://www.londrina.pr.gov.br }} }}Londrina ({{IPA-pt|lõˈdɾĩnɐ}}, literally Little London) is a city located in the north of the state of Paraná, South Region, Brazil, and is 369 km away from the state capital, Curitiba. It is the second largest city in the state and fourth largest in the southern region of the country, with 543,003 inhabitants in the city proper, and 818,300 in the metropolitan area.[1] Londrina was originally explored by British settlers, and then officially established in 1930 by a small group of Japanese and German settlers. It rapidly became the commercial, political, and cultural centre of the state's northern pioneer zone.[2] Its universities include the State University of Londrina and the Federal Technological University of Paraná. DemographyThe city was named after British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southern São Paulo states to the port of Santos. The word Londrina, literally meaning "Londoner" or perhaps "Little London", pays homage to the British capital (Londres in Portuguese), since a London cotton company, Paraná Plantations Limited, made the original investment to settle in this area. The city's population consists of descendants of those settlers, mainly from England and Scotland, plus Portuguese, Japanese, Italian, German, Polish, African, Spanish, Native, Lebanese, Ukrainian and Bulgarian Brazilians, as well as some Brazilians from other cities or states.
|type = |footnote = |align = none |1900 | 509 |1910 | 976 |1920 | 1483 |1930 | 27475 |1940 | 65889 |1950 | 71321 |1960 | 136401 |1970 | 347544 |1980 | 403005 |1990 | 385580 |2000 | 447065 |2009 | 510707 |2010 | 506645 |2011 | 511278 |2012 | 515707 |2013 | 537566 |2014 | 543003 }} ClimateAccording to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, Londrina has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa).[3] Average annual precipitation is {{convert|1,622.6|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Mean average annual temperature is {{convert|20.62|°C|0}}. {{Weather box|metric first=yes |single line=yes |location=Londrina (1961–1990) |Jan record high C = 37.3 |Feb record high C = 37.5 |Mar record high C = 36.7 |Apr record high C = 34.9 |May record high C = 32.0 |Jun record high C = 31.0 |Jul record high C = 31.3 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 37.6 |Oct record high C = 36.5 |Nov record high C = 39.0 |Dec record high C = 39.3 |year record high C = 39.3 |Jan high C = 30.0 |Feb high C = 30.1 |Mar high C = 29.8 |Apr high C = 28.0 |May high C = 25.1 |Jun high C = 23.5 |Jul high C = 23.8 |Aug high C = 25.8 |Sep high C = 26.9 |Oct high C = 28.1 |Nov high C = 29.4 |Dec high C = 29.3 |year high C = 27.5 |Jan mean C = 23.9 |Feb mean C = 24.1 |Mar mean C = 23.4 |Apr mean C = 21.3 |May mean C = 18.3 |Jun mean C = 16.7 |Jul mean C = 16.7 |Aug mean C = 18.4 |Sep mean C = 20.0 |Oct mean C = 21.5 |Nov mean C = 22.9 |Dec mean C = 23.4 |year mean C = 20.9 |Jan low C = 19.4 |Feb low C = 19.5 |Mar low C = 18.6 |Apr low C = 16.0 |May low C = 13.1 |Jun low C = 11.5 |Jul low C = 11.1 |Aug low C = 12.4 |Sep low C = 14.2 |Oct low C = 16.0 |Nov low C = 17.4 |Dec low C = 18.6 |year low C = 15.6 |Jan record low C = 12.0 |Feb record low C = 13.0 |Mar record low C = 8.2 |Apr record low C = 4.8 |May record low C = 0.0 |Jun record low C = -2.8 |Jul record low C = -0.5 |Aug record low C = 0.3 |Sep record low C = 3.0 |Oct record low C = 7.6 |Nov record low C = 8.8 |Dec record low C = 11.3 |year record low C = -2.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 235.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 173.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 137.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 107.8 |May precipitation mm = 106.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 96.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 69.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 60.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 104.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 177.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 134.4 |Dec precipitation mm = 230.3 |year precipitation mm = 1633.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 14 |Feb precipitation days = 12 |Mar precipitation days = 11 |Apr precipitation days = 7 |May precipitation days = 7 |Jun precipitation days = 6 |Jul precipitation days = 5 |Aug precipitation days = 5 |Sep precipitation days = 7 |Oct precipitation days = 10 |Nov precipitation days = 9 |Dec precipitation days = 13 |year precipitation days = 106 |Jan humidity = 73 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 75 |Apr humidity = 72 |May humidity = 74 |Jun humidity = 73 |Jul humidity = 72 |Aug humidity = 67 |Sep humidity = 67 |Oct humidity = 67 |Nov humidity = 69 |Dec humidity = 68 |year humidity = 71.1 |Jan sun = 193.1 |Feb sun = 190.0 |Mar sun = 216.2 |Apr sun = 229.8 |May sun = 217.4 |Jun sun = 209.0 |Jul sun = 232.5 |Aug sun = 223.7 |Sep sun = 176.6 |Oct sun = 183.8 |Nov sun = 194.5 |Dec sun = 197.9 |year sun = 2464.5 |source 1 = INMET[4] }} EconomyAgriculture continues to be Londrina's major economic activity, although its importance has diminished in recent years. Agricultural activity was diversified beyond coffee, and today corn, wheat, cotton, horticulture, beans, peanuts, rice, sugar cane, soy bean, and fruit plantations thrive due to the rich Northern Paraná/South Western São Paulo State "terra roxa" crimson soil. Although the city has increased its industrial park by adding weaving, textiles and agricultural factories, Londrina's main wealth continues to be agricultural production. Today, Londrina is also known for its commerce and service sectors. Moreover, real estate is another growing sector that has generated jobs and boosted even more the size of this city in Paraná. It possesses one of the largest universities in the country, the State University of Londrina, as well as several private colleges. The city is served by Londrina – Governador José Richa Airport. Once a year, the city hosts the largest agricultural fair in Latin America, the Expo Londrina. SoilThe fertile land of the region, "terra roxa" ("purple soil"), has this name due to a corruption and attempt to translate into Portuguese the term "terra rossa" ("red soil", in Italian), which Italian immigrants used to call it. The inhabitants of Northern Paraná state are often called "pé vermelho" ("red foot") because of their dust bowl-like region. The fertility of the soil is said to have originated in the biggest volcanic lava spill of the planet, known as The Spill of Trapp, that to a large extent occurred in the Center-South region of Brazil. During its golden era, (1920 to 1970), Londrina region accounted for 60% of all the coffee produced in the world, together with the west bank of the Paraná River, EducationPortuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. Colleges and universities
Metropolitan region of LondrinaInstituted by State Complementary Law 81 on 17 June 1998, the Metropolitan Region of Londrina includes the cities of Londrina, Cambé, Ibiporã, Sertanópolis, Bela Vista do Paraíso, Jataizinho, Rolândia, Tamarana and Arapongas totaling 750 thousand inhabitants. ReligionThe city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Londrina. The city is home to two stakes of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as well as the home of the Brazil Londrina Mission, which encompasses northern Paraná and some of São Paulo. SportsThe city's football clubs include Londrina Esporte Clube, founded in 1956, and the Associação Portuguesa Londrinense founded in 1950. They play at Café stadium, a 45,000 spectator capacity stadium. Inesul/Londrina, owned by INESUL - Instituto de Ensino Superior de Londrina, a higher education institution, is a city's major basketball club and competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete. Notable people
Twin towns
References1. ^http://saladeimprensa.ibge.gov.br/noticias?view=noticia&id=1&busca=1&idnoticia=2704 2. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica、8-22-2013 3. ^{{cite web|title=Climate: Londrina - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/4183/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=2 September 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=clima/normaisClimatologicas| title = NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990| accessdate = 5 September 2014| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia| language = Portuguese}} External links{{commons category|Londrina}}
{{Brazil topics}}{{Authority control}} 1 : Londrina |
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