“Long Beach Unified School District”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Long Beach Unified School District is a school district headquartered in Long Beach, California, United States.

History

As of 1993 several parents in the LBUSD boundaries enrolled their children in the Los Alamitos Unified School District day care program so that they could then use LBUSD district transfer rules, stating that parents may enroll their children at a school closest to their daycare provider even if the school is in another school district, to obtain an inter-district transfer from the Los Alamitos district and send their children to Los Alamitos schools. As a result, LBUSD was losing money, because state education funds were paid based on attendance. Horn said "It was never anyone's intention to make the (child-care) program a drawing card from other school districts. It did turn out that way."^[2] Gordon Dillow of the Los Angeles Times said "Although school officials say they do not track the racial make-up of their inter-district transfer students, the perception has been that many, perhaps most, of the Long Beach-to-Los Alamitos transfer students are Anglo."^[2] Whites were a minority in LBUSD, with 26% of the student body, while they were a majority at Los Alamitos USD, with 75% of the student body. In the 1992-1993 school year, 400 students who lived in LBUSD attended Los Alamitos schools because a parent was working at Los Alamitos schools or because of the after school program. Dillow said that while the loss of that number of students from LBUSD, with 76,000 students, "may not seem significant, but it does cause the school district to lose about $4,000 per year for each student in state education funding."^[2] LBUSD began investigating the idea of establishing before and after school programs at its schools so that parents could no longer use the loophole.^[2] LBUSD established a new after school program, "Kid's Club." 140 were enrolled in August 1993 and the district expected a total of 300 to be enrolled by the beginning of the school year.^[3]

On January 18, 1994, the LBUSD Board of Education voted to require school uniforms in all elementary and middle schools, with the wearing of school uniforms to start in September 1994.^[4] The district was the first large urban school district in the United States to require school uniforms.^[5] On August 23, 1994, SB 1269 the School Uniform Law was approved by the Governor of California to support schools that adopt a school-wide uniform policy, which also allowed parents to opt out of the policy.^[6] At LBUSD, roughly 2% of the students opt out of the uniform policy.^[5]

Since starting the uniform policy, LBUSD claimed assaults dropped by two-thirds, suspensions dropped by almost a third, vandalism dropped, attendance improved, and test scores increased. President Bill Clinton mentioned LBUSD's uniform policy in his 1996 State of the Union Address. Numerous other large urban districts have now adopted school uniform policies.^[5]

Some researchers, including David Brunsma of the Sociology Department of University of Missouri, have said that the benefits ascribed to the implementation of the LBUSD uniform policy were logically attributable to other factors; such as increased school security, collateral attendance enforcement efforts, and in-class programs designed to bolster sagging test scores.^[7]

LBUSD now has two high schools, Wilson Classical High School, and Millikan High School, that require school uniforms as well.^[8]

In 1999, Jefferson Leadership Academies became the first public middle school in the United States to convert entirely to single gender classes. Only a few dozen more schools have followed this trend, mostly because of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act, which prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded programs.^[9] The school has plans to discontinue the program after scheduling conflicts and disappointing test scores.^[10]

In 2001, there was a movement to form a Lakewood Unified School District. Because students in the city of Lakewood are currently divided between four different school districts (ABC Unified School District, Bellflower Unified School District, Paramount Unified School District and LBUSD), a petition was started. After gathering the required number of petition signatures and an LA County review, the issue went before the California State Board of Education. The board rejected the petition on February 8, 2001 because the board said the proposed district failed to meet four of the state's nine criteria for new district formation. With that setback, the most current plans ({{As of|2005|lc=on}}) are to try to merge those areas of Lakewood served by Paramount into either the Bellflower or Long Beach Unified School Districts.^[11]

District awards

LBUSD was the winner of the Third annual $1 million Broad Prize for Urban Education (in 2017). The Broad Prize is the largest education prize in the country awarded to urban school districts.^[12] In 2004, LBUSD received a second grant from the Broad Foundation for $1.14 million to continue their efforts to improve the organization of the district's schools using Baldrige strategies.^[13] In 2004 the Broad Foundation also awarded 55 Long Beach Unified School District seniors $500,000 in scholarships as Broad Prize Scholars.^[14] LBUSD has gone on to receive nominations for the award three more times and once prior to winning (2002, 2006, 2007, 2008).

Unusual schools

Two Harbors Elementary School, at Two Harbors on Catalina Island, is a one-room school. Enrollment, ({{As of|2005|lc=on}}) is 12 students.^[15] The district had planned to close the school in fall 2005, but Two Harbors residents and visitors raised enough money to keep the school open.^[16]

List of schools

Elementary schools

K-8 schools

K-12 schools

Middle schools

High schools

Comprehensive High Schools

Other high schools

Charter schools

Other schools

Former schools

(Now used as a District-wide Teacher Resources Center and Head Start Program Offices)

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lbschools.net/Main_Offices/Superintendent/|accessdate=January 13, 2009|title=Superintendent|publisher=Long Beach Unified School District|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210041727/http://lbschools.net/Main_Offices/Superintendent/|archivedate=February 10, 2009|df=}}
2. ^¹²³Dillow, Gordon. "Schools Fight Flight of Students to Los Alamitos : Education: Day care services in the upscale district drain pupils who later enroll in its elementaries. Long Beach plans to start its own programs--and recapture state funding." Los Angeles Times. August 22, 1993. 1. Retrieved on November 1, 2012.
3. ^Dillow, Gordon. "Schools Fight Flight of Students to Los Alamitos : Education: Day care services in the upscale district drain pupils who later enroll in its elementaries. Long Beach plans to start its own programs--and recapture state funding." Los Angeles Times. August 22, 1993. 2. Retrieved on November 1, 2012.
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/article_13.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106092843/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/article_13.asp |archivedate=2006-01-06 |df= }}
5. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/article_3.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106094411/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/article_3.asp |archivedate=2006-01-06 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/uniforms.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106090002/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/uniforms/uniforms.asp |archivedate=2006-01-06 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://rcp.missouri.edu/articles/brunsma.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-01-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901123420/http://rcp.missouri.edu/articles/brunsma.html |archivedate=2006-09-01 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040123c.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003205257/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040123c.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040402e.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003205326/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040402e.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
10. ^http://www.presstelegram.com/news/ci_5247847
11. ^http://www.pasleyrealty.com/lakewood.htm
12. ^http://www.broadfoundation.org/flagship/past.shtml
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n041217a.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003205220/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n041217a.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040521a.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003205755/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040521a.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/avalon/profile/generalinfo.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051218094843/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/avalon/profile/generalinfo.htm |archivedate=2005-12-18 |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2005_news_articles/n050812c.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003204221/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2005_news_articles/n050812c.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/avalon/avalon.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-04-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003193807/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/avalon/avalon.htm |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ephslb.org/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-01-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070201195813/http://ephslb.org/ |archivedate=2007-02-01 |df= }}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/schools/school_finder/reid.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-01-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116030833/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/schools/school_finder/reid.asp |archivedate=2006-11-16 |df= }}
20. ^http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/lbsa/
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040507e.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003205057/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/public_information/2004_news_articles/n040507e.asp |archivedate=2006-10-03 |df= }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/hihill/index.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2005-12-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217124031/http://www.lbusd.k12.ca.us/hihill/index.html |archivedate=2005-12-17 |df= }}