“Long March 3”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Long March 3

释义

List of launches
Launch failures
Dong Fang Hong 2 launch failure ChinaSat 4 launch failure ChinaSat 7 launch failure
References

{{distinguish|Long March 3 rocket family}}{{Infobox rocket
|image = CZ-3.svg
|caption = Long March 3
|imsize = 75px
|function = Carrier rocket
|manufacturer = CALT
|country-origin= China
|status = Retired
|sites = LA-3, XSLC
|height = {{convert|43.25|m|ft}}^[1]
|diameter = {{convert|3.35|m|ft}}^[1]
|mass = {{convert|204000|kg|lb}}^[1]
|stages = 3
|launches = 13
|success = 10
|fail = 2
|partial = 1
|first = 29 January 1984
|last = 25 June 2000
|capacities =
|location=LEO
|kilos = {{convert|5000|kg|lb}}^[2]

  }}  {{Infobox Rocket/Payload

|location=GTO
|kilos = {{convert|1500|kg|lb}}^[2]
|family = Long March
|derivatives= Long March 3A
|stagedata=
|type = stage
|stageno = First
|name =
|length = 23.49 m
|diameter = 3.35 m
|empty = {{convert|9378|kg|abbr=on}}
|gross = {{convert|153070|kg|abbr=on}}
|propmass = {{convert|143692|kg|abbr=on}}
|engines = 4 YF-21B
|thrust = {{convert|2961.6|kN|abbr=on}}
|alt-thrust =
|burntime = 121 s
|SI = {{convert|2556.2|m/s|isp|abbr=on}}
|fuel = {{N2O4}} / UDMH

  }}  {{Infobox rocket/Stage

|type = stage
|stageno = Second
|name =
|length = 9.47 m
|diameter = 3.35 m
|empty = {{convert|3599|kg|abbr=on}}
|gross = {{convert|39440|kg|abbr=on}}
|propmass = {{convert|35841|kg|abbr=on}}
|engines = 1 YF-24D
(1 x YF-22D (Main))
(4 x YF-23F (Vernier))
|thrust = {{convert|741.4|kN|abbr=on}} (Main)
{{convert|47.1|kN|abbr=on}} (Vernier)
|alt-thrust =
|burntime = 130 s
|SI = {{convert|2922.4|m/s|isp|abbr=on}} (Main)
{{convert|2762|m/s|isp|abbr=on}} (Vernier)
|fuel = {{N2O4}} / UDMH

  }}  {{Infobox rocket/Stage

|type = stage
|stageno = Third
|name =
|length = 10.36 m
|diameter = 2.25 m
|empty = {{convert|1965|kg|abbr=on}}
|gross = {{convert|10700|kg|abbr=on}}
|propmass = {{convert|8731|kg|abbr=on}}
|engines = 1 YF-73
|thrust = {{convert|44.43|kN|abbr=on}}
|alt-thrust =
|burntime = 729 s
|SI = {{convert|4119|m/s|isp|abbr=on}}
|fuel = {{LH2}} / LOX
}}

The Long March 3 ({{zh|长征三号火箭}}), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage.

List of launches

{{main|List of Long March launches}}>

Flight number	Date (UTC)	Launch site	Payload	Orbit	Result
1	January 29, 1984 12:25	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 1	GTO (intended)	Partial Failure}}
2	April 8, 1984 11:20	LA-3, XSLC	STTW 2	GTO	Success}}
3	February 1, 1986 12:37	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2-1	GTO	Success}}
4	March 7, 1988 12:41	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-1 (ChinaSat 1)	GTO	Success}}
5	December 22, 1988 12:40	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-2 (ChinaSat 2)	GTO	Success}}
6	February 4, 1990 12:28	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-3 (ChinaSat 3)	GTO	Success}}
7	April 7, 1990 13:30	LA-3, XSLC	AsiaSat 1	GTO	Success}}
8	December 28, 1991 12:00	LA-3, XSLC	DFH-2A-4 (ChinaSat 4)	GTO (intended)	Failure}}
9	July 21, 1994 10:55	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1	GTO	Success}}
10	July 3, 1996 10:47	LA-3, XSLC	APStar 1A	GTO	Success}}
11	August 18, 1996 10:27	LA-3, XSLC	ChinaSat 7	GTO (intended)	Failure}}
12	June 10, 1997 12:01	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2A	GTO	Success}}
13	June 25, 2000 11:50	LA-3, XSLC	Fengyun 2B	GTO	Success}}

Launch failures

Dong Fang Hong 2 launch failure

On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch.

The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect mixture ratio in the engine gas generator, which caused high temperatures and burned out the turbine casing. However, many planned tests on the experimental communications spacecraft were still carried out in the resulting elliptical orbit.

ChinaSat 4 launch failure

On December 28, 1991, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch.

The third-stage engine suffered a loss of turbine speed and combustion pressure 58 s after re-igniting for the second burn for GTO insertion and shut down completely 135 s after re-ignition. Loss of pressure in the high-pressure helium supply used for engine control had reduced the propellant flow.

ChinaSat 7 launch failure

On August 18, 1996 a LM-3 rocket failed during launch.

The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight.

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz3.htm|title=CZ-3|author=Mark Wade|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=2008-04-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601101204/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz3.htm|archivedate=2008-06-01|df=}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-3.htm|title=CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)|author=Gunter Krebs|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=2008-04-27}}

2 : Long March (rocket family)|Vehicles introduced in 1984

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