| 词条 | Paranapiacaba |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Paranapiacaba |image_skyline = Paranapiacaba1.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = A view of Paranapiacaba village, in Santo André, Brazil. |nickname = |motto = |image_flag = |image_shield = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_type2 = State |subdivision_name = {{flag|Brazil}} |subdivision_name1 = Southeast |subdivision_name2 = {{flag|São Paulo}} |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_note = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = UTC-3 |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = UTC-2 |utc_offset_DST = -2 |coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |blank_name = |blank_info = |Postal Code = |website = |footnotes = }}Paranapiacaba is a district of the municipality of Santo André in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. It is located approximately {{convert|61|km}} by road southeast of the centre of the city of São Paulo, and about {{convert|12|km}} east of Rio Grande da Serra. The word paranapiacaba means "where you will find the sea" in Tupi. There are about 1,200 residents.[1] Paranapiacaba was established as a company town for the employees of São Paulo Railway, a privately owned British railway company. A large industrial complex, which the district is known for, lies off the main road from Rio Grande da Serra, on the way into the main village. The growth of this centre was facilitated by the railway, transporting cargo and people from inside Paulista to the port of Santos. The village design has been characterized as being panoptic.[2] GeographyThe village is located on a slope opposite Santo André, approximately {{convert|61|km}} by road southeast of the centre of the city of São Paulo, and about {{convert|12|km}} east of Rio Grande da Serra.[1] The industrial complex, larger than the village itself, however, lies just several kilometres to the southeast of Rio Grande da Serra. The village is located amidst the Serra do Mar coastal forests, in the south coast, at the highest point of the area, and hence it came to be known as “a place to view the sea” in Tupi-Guarani language. The Mata Atlantica around the town provides ample opportunities for hiking into the forest of the Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar where orchids and bromelias are major attractions.[2][3] Agriculture and grazing farms are situated to the west while the nearby mountains reach elevations of {{convert|700|-|930|m}}.[4] Trains connections can be made to Paranapiacaba from Estação da Luz, one of the four stations in São Paulo. The nearest international airport is the Cumbica at Guarulhos, outside of São Paulo.[5] MRS Logística used electric traction between Paranapiacaba and Raiz de Serra.[6]{{rp|139+}} HistoryVila de Paranapiacaba was established during the middle of the 19th century; it was designed by Jeremy Bentham according to a prison model style.[7] It was founded by the British-owned São Paulo Railway Company. The construction of this zig-zag railway line in the hilly local terrain was considered a feat by the British engineers and workers at the time. The town was built when the company built the railway line to export coffee beans from the area through the port Santos. The village prospered for 30 years, until automated machinery replaced the funicular, which was labor-intensive. The village's population suddenly declined and many of its buildings were abandoned.[3] At one time, there were 4,000 workers, most of them British citizens. The last steam train in Paranapiacaba was deactivated for labor work in 1982.[6]{{rp|73}} City designParanapiacaba was designed in a special model style.[7] Because of its remoteness, the town has been well preserved. The buildings were all of English style (even the large homes were of Victorian style) built with wood and bricks.[5][8] The houses in the town are all made of timber and looks like a mofussil area of Surrey. The town was laid out in the 1890s in a grid pattern. Even though Brazil attained independence in 1822, its architectural styles were influenced by Portuguese colonizers and by the British.[3] The town is stated as having more English architecture than perhaps anywhere else in the country.[9] Notable landmarksThe District of Paranapiacaba is known for its large industrial complex, which lies off the main road from Rio Grande da Serra, on the way into the main village, but is actually nearer Rio Grande da Serra. The growth of this industrial centre was facilitated by the railway, transporting goods to the port of Santos. The railway station's clock tower is based on Big Ben in London.[10] The locomotive stations, old British carriages and steam engines, cable station (funicular type), and workers' cottages are all well preserved and form part of the museum which is open to the public. On the hill top above the village is the old Victorian style Castilino, which was once the residence of the Chief Engineer of the Railways, is now a museum known as the Centro Preservacao da Historia de Paranpiacaba, where old railway line maps and photographs are displayed.[2] The museum has elegant furnishings and provides views of its surroundings.[8] In the 1980s, a working steam engine from the turn of the 20th century ran several times a day, originally used to pull inclined trains from the coast. Visitors can view the working parts and watch them while the engine is running. Recivitas (Instituto pela Revitalização da Cidadania) created a free toy center and library here.[11] The Funicular de Paranapiacaba railway museum was established in 1970, and today is one of the biggest attractions in the district.[6] The Clube União Lira Serrano is also of note, and was founded in 1930 as a social club for the railway operators.[12] The parish church, Capela do Alto da Serra or Igreja matriz de Paranapiacaba, opened for the first time on August 8, 1884. PreservationIn order to preserve the heritage status of Paranapiacaba as a well-preserved railway town, the government of Brazil decreed it to be a historic district and initiated further steps to preserve its heritage status and encourage its development as a suburb of São Paulo and to promote tourism.[3] The objective of this project is to preserve the natural, cultural, and industrial heritage and ensure economic progress of the town in particular and the region as a whole.[3] The site was included in the 2000 and 2002 World Monuments Watch (WMW) by the World Monuments Fund, calling for investments to revitalize the village. With funding from American Express the Fund helped local stakeholders implement this effort. By 2008, the conservation efforts of the WMW team were successful in restoring Casa Fox (the Archive), the Castelinho (now a museum), the Lyra Serrano Club, and the Old Market. Further restoration works are continuing.[3][13][14] The town has witnessed a dramatic change in its environment with much improved facilities also resulting in economic progress of the area. References{{Commons category|Paranapiacaba}}1. ^{{Google maps | url =https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-23.783333,-46.316667&spn=0.1,0.1&t=h&q=-23.783333,-46.316667| accessdate = 26 January 2013 }} 2. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Polly |last1=Thomas|first2=Adam |last2=Vaitilingam|first3=Polly |last3=Rodger Brown|title=The Rough Guide to Jamaica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiC4YTmGCdYC&pg=PA615|accessdate=3 January 2013|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-111-1|pages=615–}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://www.wmf.org/project/paranapiacaba|title= Paranapiacaba|accessdate=26 January 2013|publisher= World Monuments Fund Organization}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Rodrigues|first1=Ricardo Ribeiro|last2=Martins|first2=Sebastião Venâncio|title=High Diversity Forest Restoration in Degraded Areas: Methods and Projects in Brazil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZl28gJ5jKAC&pg=PA224|accessdate=26 January 2013|date=2 June 2007|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-60021-421-9|pages=224–}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Alex |last1=Robinson|first2=Gardenia |last2=Robinson|title=Brazil Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-u6a1Etx5vkC&pg=PA179|accessdate=3 January 2013|date=17 May 2011|publisher=Footprint Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-907263-26-2|pages=179–}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Buzelin|first1=José Emílio de Castro Horta|last2=Coelho|first2=Eduardo José de Jesus|last3=Setti|first3=João Bosco|title=A ferrovia de Minas, Rio e São Paulo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLwsDE39bwsC&pg=PA139|accessdate=26 January 2013|year=2002|publisher=Memória do Trem|language=Spanish|isbn=978-85-86094-04-0}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Schelling|first=Vivian|title=Through the Kaleidoscope: The Experience of Modernity in Latin America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n90oH1pxwhQC&pg=PA271|accessdate=26 January 2013|year=2000|publisher=Verso|isbn=978-1-85984-262-1|pages=271–}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|first1=Regis |last1=St Louis|first2=Gary |last2=Chandler|title=Brazil|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRMqmdvy5DUC&pg=PA304|accessdate=3 January 2013|date=1 December 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74179-163-1|pages=304–}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Cornejo|first1=Carlos|last2=Gerodetti|first2=João Emilio|title=Railways of Brazil in Postcards and Souvenir Albums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2tTJ6ijoYSYC&pg=PA89|accessdate=26 January 2013|year=2005|publisher=Solaris Editorial|isbn=978-85-89820-03-5|pages=89–}} 10. ^{{cite book|last1=Amery|first1=Colin|last2=Curran|first2=Brian|last3=(Program)|first3=World Monuments Watch|title=Vanishing histories: 100 endangered sites from the World Monuments Watch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_z1mAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 January 2013|date=1 November 2001|publisher=Abrams in association with the World Monuments Fund|page=152}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Gosseries|first1=Axel|last2=Vanderborght|first2=Yannick|title=Arguing about justice: Essays for Philippe Van Parijs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPG8qJGs0OwC&pg=PA343|accessdate=26 January 2013|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Presses Univsity de Louvain|isbn=978-2-87463-275-4|pages=343–}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Medina|first=Cremilda|title=Caminho do café: Paranapiacaba, museu esquecido|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UdYrAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=26 January 2013|year=2003|publisher=ECA/USP|language=Portuguese|page=64}} 13. ^World Monuments Fund - Paranapiacaba 14. ^[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/130820021.html?dids=130820021:130820021&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+30%2C+2002&author=Christine+Temin%2C+Globe+Staff&pub=Boston+Globe Christine Temin, Boston Globe, "Bringing preservation to new frontiers: South American sites make the list of important, and threatened, places," June 30, 2002, p.N1.] External links
2 : Neighbourhoods in São Paulo (state)|Company towns |
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