| 词条 | Parathyroid carcinoma |
| 释义 |
| name = Parathyroid carcinoma | synonyms = | image = File:Parathyroid es.svg | caption = Parathyroid gland anatomy(green marks) | pronounce = | field = Oncology, ENT surgery | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cancer resulting in parathyroid adenoma to carcinoma progression.[1] It forms in tissues of one or more of the parathyroid glands (four pea-sized glands in the neck that make parathyroid hormone. PTH helps the body maintain normal levels of serum calcium by promoting calcium reabsorption from bone. It is antagonized by the hormone calcitonin, which prompts calcium storage.). It is rare,[2] and much less common than parathyroid adenoma. It can be difficult to excise.[3] Signs and symptomsMost patients experience moderate to severe hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone levels. A large mass in the neck is often seen, and kidney and bone abnormalities are common.[1] Risk factorsParathyroid cancer occurs in midlife at the same rate in men and women. Conditions that appear to result in an increased risk of parathyroid cancer include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,[4] autosomal dominant familial isolated hyperparathyroidism[4] and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome[1] (which also is hereditary).[1] Parathyroid cancer has also been associated with external radiation exposure, but, most reports describe an association between radiation and the more common parathyroid adenoma.[4] Diagnosis{{Empty section|date=November 2017}}TreatmentParathyroid carcinoma is sometimes diagnosed during surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. If the surgeon suspects carcinoma based on severity or invasion of surrounding tissues by a firm parathyroid tumor, aggressive excision is performed, including the thyroid and surrounding tissues as necessary.[1] Agents such as calcimimetics (for example, cinacalcet) are used to mimic calcium and are able to activate the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (making the parathyroid gland "think" we have more calcium than we actually do), therefore lowering the calcium level, in an attempt to decrease the hypercalcemia. References1. ^1 2 3 4 Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP. "Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 11 ed. 2008. 2. ^{{cite journal |author=Lee JE |title=Predicting the presence of parathyroid carcinoma |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=513–4 |date=July 2005 |pmid=15952075 |doi=10.1245/ASO.2005.03.904}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/ENDOHTML/ENDO112.html |title=Endocrine Pathology |website= |accessdate=2009-05-08}} 4. ^1 2 Parathyroid Cancer Treatment at National Cancer Institute. Last Modified: 03/11/2009. External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 9628 | |ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|75|0|c|73}} | |ICD9 = {{ICD9|194.1}} | |ICDO = | |OMIM = | |MedlinePlus = 007264 | |eMedicineSubj = med | |eMedicineTopic = 1754 | |MeshID = D010282 | }}
1 : Endocrine neoplasia |
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