| 词条 | Parides iphidamas | |
| 释义 |
| name = Iphidamas cattleheart | image = Transandean Cattleheart (Parides iphidamas), dorsal.jpg | image_caption = Male, dorsal view | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Lepidoptera | familia = Papilionidae | tribus = Troidini | genus = Parides | species = P. iphidamas | binomial = Parides iphidamas | binomial_authority = (Fabricius, 1793) | synonyms =
}}Parides iphidamas, the Iphidamas cattleheart or Transandean cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae.[1][2] Subspecies
DescriptionParides iphidamas has a wingspan of about {{convert|10|cm}}. The dorsal sides of the forewings are black, with a broad green and white spots (completely white in females), while the dorsal sides of the hindwings show a broad red band or spot. Along the edges there are many small yellow spots. The undersides of the wings are black with a white band on the forewings and several pink patches on the hindwings.[3][4] The body of the butterfly is black with red dots. The poisonous caterpillars are chocolate brown, with white or brown protrusions resembling thorns. The host plants are various toxic Aristolochia species (A. cordiflora, A. maxima, A. odoratissma, A. pilosa, A. ringens, and A. tonduzii).[5]Description from Seitz{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}}P. iphidamas. Male: tibiae and 1.segment of the tarsi thickened and covered with fine hairs. Female :forewing at the margin less deep black than in P. erithalion. Mexico to Ecuador and North Venezuela. A common species, which is not easy to distinguish from P. erithalion and P.lycimenes, and is consequently often mistaken for them. — iphidamas F. (= panares Gray, achelous Hopff., incandescens Btlr.) is the Central American form. Male: forewing distally not transparent; the green area usually reduced, always enclosing one or two white spots; often a white spot in the cell; band of the hindwing gradually widened posteriorly, a narrow spot behind the 2.median. Female: cell-spot on the forewing large, usually some smallspots beyond the cell; the spot before the 2.median smaller than the preceding one, or obliquely cut off towards the base; band of the hindwing almost unicolorous bright red, its inner margin evenly curved.South Mexico to Panama. — phalias R & J. (4b). Male: the green area widest posteriorly, reaching to the hindmargin; hindwing with three red spots separate from the cell. Female: forewing slightly transparent at the apex: cell-spot very large; the spot before the 1.median much larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing very broad, pale on the inner side. Colombia: Magdalena Valley and Cordillera of Bogota. —elatos R & J. Male : the green area smaller than in the preceding subspecies; hindwing with three small red spots. Cauca Valley. — calogyna R. & J. (4b).Male: forewing exteriorly somewhat more thickly scaled than in phalias and elatos, usually a white spot before the 2.median ; hindwing with 3 small red spots, close together. Female: the spot before the 1.median of the forewing larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing bright red, its inner margin usually white. West Ecuador and west coast of Colombia. —teneates R.&J. Male : the green area narrow, separated from the cell, usually enclosing one or two white spots.Female not known with certainty. North Venezuela and North Colombia.[6] Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)[7] DistributionThis species is native to the Central and South America. It occurs from southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica, Panama, and Peru. EcozoneThis butterfly lives in the Neotropical ecozone. HabitatIt is common in various habitats, ranging from open lowlands to wooded areas and tropical forests from sea level to {{convert|1200|m|sp=us}}.[8] Females mainly occur where the caterpillar host plant are located, in forest clearings and along forest edges. TaxonomyParides iphidamas is a member of the anchises species group [9]The members are
References1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/t/Parides_iphidamas_a.htm |title= Parides iphidamas |last1= Warren |first1= A. D. |year= 2010 |work= Butterflies of America |accessdate=22 January 2011|display-authors=etal}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Glassberg |first1=Jeffrey |title= A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America |year= 2007 |publisher= Sunstreak Books Inc |isbn= 978-1-4243-0915-3}} 3. ^Lewis, H. L., 1974 Butterflies of the World {{ISBN|0-245-52097-X}} Page 26, figure 11 (male) figure 12 (female, underside) 4. ^Brian McAndrew, Butterflies – James Lorimer & Co. Ltd Publishers 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |url= http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/parides/index.html#iphidamas |title= Parides iphidamas |last= Savela |first= Markku |work= funet.fi |accessdate=22 January 2011}} 6. ^Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) {{PD-notice}} 7. ^Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/425/mode/1up online] 8. ^{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |authorlink1=N. Mark Collins |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |date=1985 |chapter=Parides iphidamas (Fabricius, 1793) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/81/mode/1up |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland & Cambridge |page=69 |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}} 9. ^Edwin Möhn, 2007 Butterflies of the World, Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. Parides Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers {{ISBN|9783937783277}} Further reading{{Wikispecies|Parides iphidamas}}
4 : Parides|Butterflies of Central America|Butterflies of Mexico|Papilionidae of South America |
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