| 词条 | Longwood, Saint Helena |
| 释义 |
|name = Longwood |image_skyline = 16 Napoleons exole St Helena June1970.jpg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Longwood House in Longwood |image_flag = |image_map = District map of Saint Helena.png |map_caption = Map of Saint Helena's districts |pushpin_map = |mapsize = |subdivision_type = Sovereign state |subdivision_name = United Kingdom |subdivision_type1 = British overseas territory |subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} |subdivision_type2 = Island |subdivision_name2 = Saint Helena |subdivision_type3 = Status |subdivision_name3 = District |established_title = |established_date = |founder = |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 802 (district) |area_total_km2 = 33.4 |population_density_km2 = 21.4 |timezone1 = GMT |utc_offset1 = +0 }} Longwood is a settlement and a district of the British island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic. DescriptionIn 2011 it had a population of 802, compared with a population of 960 in 1998.[1] The area of the district is 33.4 km2.[2] The large district (second only to Blue Hill) includes the settlement of Hutt's Gate, with its St Matthew's church. The district also contains the island's only existing golf course. The district contains Prosperous Bay Plain, which is where Saint Helena Airport is located. There is a weather recording station in the Longwood district. Readings of temperature, air pressure and visibility are automatically taken and communicated every 3 hours.[3] HistoryInfrastructureSince 2017, Longwoods main infrastructure is Saint Helena Airport. It remains to be the only airport in Saint Helena and services Airlink linking the island to South Africa. ObservatoriesOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an observatory with a {{convert|24|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere.[4] The site of this telescope is near St Matthew's church in the district. The {{convert|2230|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount. Halley's Observatory was in use from 1677–1678. Having returned to England in 1678, Halley published Catalogus Stellarum Australium in 1679, which included details of 341 southern stars. These additions to present-day star maps earned him comparison to Tycho Brahe. Halley was subsequently awarded his Master's from Oxford and Fellowship of the Royal Society. In 1686, Halley published the second part of the results from his Helenian expedition, being a paper and chart on trade winds and monsoons. In this, he identified solar heating as the cause of atmospheric motions. He also established the relationship between barometric pressure and height above sea level. His charts were an important contribution to the emerging field of information visualisation. In the 19th/early 20th centuries, an observatory (in use 1840–1849) was situated in Longwood village and two further observatories were erected in the Hutt's Gate area: one in use from 1892–1924 and the second in use from 1925–1975. NapoleonIt was the location of Napoleon's second exile from 1815 until his death on 5 May 1821. France owns Briars Pavilion, Napoleon's initial exile residence, Longwood House and its properties, where he lived during most of his time on the island, and his original grave, but the United Kingdom retains ultimate sovereignty over these properties. Napoleon's main physician, Barry Edward O'Meara, wrote letters describing the issues of Napoleon and his entourage while in captivity, and sent them clandestinely to a friend at the Admiralty in London.[5] Climate{{Weather box|location = Longwood, Saint Helena |metric first = Y |single line = Y |width = auto |Jan record high C = 32.2 |Feb record high C = 28.9 |Mar record high C = 30.6 |Apr record high C = 32.2 |May record high C = 29.4 |Jun record high C = 28.3 |Jul record high C = 26.7 |Aug record high C = 26.7 |Sep record high C = 26.7 |Oct record high C = 25.0 |Nov record high C = 27.2 |Dec record high C = 28.3 |year record high C = 32.2 |Jan high C = 21.4 |Feb high C = 22.3 |Mar high C = 22.4 |Apr high C = 21.7 |May high C = 20.6 |Jun high C = 19.0 |Jul high C = 17.9 |Aug high C = 17.4 |Sep high C = 17.6 |Oct high C = 17.7 |Nov high C = 18.5 |Dec high C = 19.8 |year high C = 19.7 | Jan mean C = 18.9 | Feb mean C = 19.9 | Mar mean C = 20.0 | Apr mean C = 19.3 | May mean C = 18.1 | Jun mean C = 16.6 | Jul mean C = 15.6 | Aug mean C = 15.1 | Sep mean C = 15.2 | Oct mean C = 15.4 | Nov mean C = 16.4 | Dec mean C = 17.4 | year mean C = 17.3 |Jan low C = 16.3 |Feb low C = 17.3 |Mar low C = 17.5 |Apr low C = 17.0 |May low C = 15.9 |Jun low C = 14.5 |Jul low C = 13.4 |Aug low C = 13.0 |Sep low C = 13.1 |Oct low C = 13.2 |Nov low C = 13.9 |Dec low C = 15.0 |year low C = 15.0 |Jan record low C = 15.0 |Feb record low C = 15.6 |Mar record low C = 15.6 |Apr record low C = 16.1 |May record low C = 13.9 |Jun record low C = 12.2 |Jul record low C = 11.7 |Aug record low C = 11.1 |Sep record low C = 11.7 |Oct record low C = 11.1 |Nov record low C = 12.2 |Dec record low C = 13.9 |year record low C = 11.1 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 48 |Feb rain mm = 62 |Mar rain mm = 83 |Apr rain mm = 59 |May rain mm = 56 |Jun rain mm = 75 |Jul rain mm = 75 |Aug rain mm = 63 |Sep rain mm = 47 |Oct rain mm = 33 |Nov rain mm = 25 |Dec rain mm = 31 |year rain mm = 657 |unit rain days = 1.0 mm | Jan rain days = 9 | Feb rain days = 8 | Mar rain days = 9 | Apr rain days = 14 | May rain days = 5 | Jun rain days = 12 | Jul rain days = 13 | Aug rain days = 9 | Sep rain days = 9 | Oct rain days = 7 | Nov rain days = 4 | Dec rain days = 6 | year rain days = 105 | Jan humidity = 85 | Feb humidity = 86 | Mar humidity = 85 | Apr humidity = 84 | May humidity = 82 | Jun humidity = 82 | Jul humidity = 83 | Aug humidity = 83 | Sep humidity = 84 | Oct humidity = 84 | Nov humidity = 84 | Dec humidity = 84 | year humidity = 84 |Jan sun = 151.9 |Feb sun = 178.0 |Mar sun = 176.7 |Apr sun = 150.0 |May sun = 161.2 |Jun sun = 123.0 |Jul sun = 108.5 |Aug sun = 93.0 |Sep sun = 57.0 |Oct sun = 68.2 |Nov sun = 72.0 |Dec sun = 120.9 |year sun = |Jand sun = 4.9 |Febd sun = 6.3 |Mard sun = 5.7 |Aprd sun = 5.0 |Mayd sun = 5.2 |Jund sun = 4.1 |Juld sun = 3.5 |Augd sun = 3.0 |Sepd sun = 1.9 |Octd sun = 2.2 |Novd sun = 2.4 |Decd sun = 3.9 |yeard sun = 4.0 | source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst[6] }} See also{{Portal|Geography}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |title=PROVISIONAL RESULTS - POPULATION CENSUS 2008, ST HELENA ENUMERATED (DE FACTO) POPULATION 2008 AS COMPARED TO 1998 |work=United Nations Statistics Division |accessdate=2013-10-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629183023/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf |archivedate=2014-06-29 |df= }} {{Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}{{coord|15|56|S|5|40|W|type:adm3rd_region:SH|display=title}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/gb-subs.aspx|title=Statistics of the territories of the United Kingdom|work=GeoHive|accessdate=2013-10-05|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007002510/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/gb-subs.aspx|archivedate=2013-10-07|df=}} 3. ^MeteoGroup St. Helena WMO 4. ^Gazetteer – p. 7. MONUMENTS IN FRANCE – page 338 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716083646/http://www.g4g4.com/pMyCD5/HISTORY/GAZ2.DOC |date=2011-07-16 }} 5. ^Inside Longwood Barry O'Meara's clandestine letters 6. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_619010_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von St. Helena, Insel / Südatlantik / Großbritannien| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = 6 November 2018}} 3 : Districts of Saint Helena|Populated places in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|History of Saint Helena |
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