| 词条 | Longyan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Longyan}} |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|龙岩市}}}}}} |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Chuxi tulou cluster.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Chuxi tulou cluster in Chuxicun, Xiyang, Yongding County. |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = ChinaFujianLongyan.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in Longyan City in Fujian |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Fujian |seat_type = Municipal seat |seat = Xinluo |parts_type = |parts_style = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_footnotes = [1] |area_total_km2 = 19069 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 2559545 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = Longyan government |coordinates = {{coord|25.076|N|117.017|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-35_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 364000, 366000 |area_code = 597 |blank_name = GDP |blank_info = 2009[3] |blank1_name = - Total |blank1_info = CNY 74.845 billion (US$10.97 billion) |blank2_name = - per capita |blank2_info = CNY 26,971 (US$3,952) |blank3_name = - Growth |blank3_info = {{increase}} 14.1% |blank4_name = License Plate |blank4_info = {{lang|zh-cn|闽F}} |blank5_name =Administrative division code |blank5_info =350800 |iso_code = CN-FJ-08 |blank6_name = Local dialect |blank6_info = Longyan Min and Hakka Chinese |website = {{URL|www.longyan.gov.cn/}} |footnotes = }} Longyan ({{zh|s=龙岩 |t=龍巖|p={{audio|Long2yan2.ogg|Lóngyán|help=no}}|poj=Lêng-nâ or Liong-nâ|l=dragon rock}}; Hakka: Liùng-ngàm) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Fujian province, People's Republic of China, bordering Guangdong to the south and Jiangxi to the west. HistoryIn 736 AD, (the Tang Dynasty), the prefecture of Tingzhou was established in western Fujian, or Minxi ({{lang|zh-hans|闽西}}), administering Changting, Huanglian and Xinluo counties. Six years later Xinluo was named Longyan for the nearby cavern, a famous scenic site. Due to the ancient conflicts in central China and aggression from northern tribes, many Han people moved from central China to Longyan. in 1734, the Hokkien-speaking counties of Longyan city and Zhangping were ceded from Zhangzhou to form the Longyan Prefecture with the of the Hakka peasant Tingzhou prefecture, a typical Hakka peasant socitiey culturally distinct from the Minnanese by the imperial court. In 1913, it reverted to its former name Longyan County and in 1981, Longyan City was established. Minxi was a strategic base during the Chinese Civil War. It's said that tens of thousands of people were recruited from the Hakka peasantry from the western Longyan joined the PLA during the Chinese Civil War, and nearly every Hakka family had someone sacrificed lives on behalf of CCP side especially during Mao's early purges in Tingzhou and Ganzhou which killed roughly 700,0000 Hakka peole and some ethnic minorities. There are more than 26,000 locals that took part in the Long March which in total is carried out by 86,000. Moreover, during 1955 and 1968, 68 people from Longyan were awarded Brigadier General or above, which accounts for 82% of all generals from Fujian province at the time, therefore, Longyan is also named after "The Home of Generals".[4] EnvironmentUnlike many Chinese cities, the forest coverage of Longyan reaches an unusually high 77.9%, which is unparalleled in Fujian province.[5] Meihuashan National Nature Reserve, a part of the China Biosphere Reserve Network, is located in Longyan. Goby Rhinogobius longyanensis was first described from Longyan and named after it.[5] Presumably also the prehistoric bivalve Claraia longyanensis got its name from Longyan.[6] Geography and climateLongyan is situated in the upper reaches of the Jiulong and Ting Rivers. It borders the prefecture-level cities of Sanming to the north, Quanzhou to the east, Zhangzhou to the southeast, Meizhou (Guangdong) to the southwest, and Ganzhou (Jiangxi) to the west and northwest. Longyan has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with short, mild winters, and long, hot and humid summers. Despite its inland location, the city's summers rank among the mildest in the province, averaging lower than even Xiamen and the islands of Pingtan County, both of which receive significant maritime moderation.[8] Rainfall is greatest in spring and early summer and at its least in autumn and early winter. {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Longyan (1981−2010) |Jan high C = 17.8 |Feb high C = 18.3 |Mar high C = 20.9 |Apr high C = 24.8 |May high C = 28.1 |Jun high C = 30.5 |Jul high C = 33.2 |Aug high C = 32.5 |Sep high C = 30.4 |Oct high C = 27.5 |Nov high C = 23.7 |Dec high C = 19.5 |Jan mean C = 12.3 |Feb mean C = 13.4 |Mar mean C = 16.4 |Apr mean C = 20.3 |May mean C = 23.5 |Jun mean C = 26.0 |Jul mean C = 27.7 |Aug mean C = 26.9 |Sep mean C = 25.3 |Oct mean C = 21.9 |Nov mean C = 17.6 |Dec mean C = 13.4 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 8.8 |Feb low C = 10.0 |Mar low C = 13.3 |Apr low C = 17.1 |May low C = 20.2 |Jun low C = 22.9 |Jul low C = 23.9 |Aug low C = 23.4 |Sep low C = 21.8 |Oct low C = 17.9 |Nov low C = 13.4 |Dec low C = 9.2 |Jan record high C = 27.0 |Jan record low C = -0.8 |Feb record high C = 29.8 |Feb record low C = 0.4 |Mar record high C = 31.5 |Mar record low C = 3.4 |Apr record high C = 33.8 |Apr record low C = 7.3 |May record high C = 35.0 |May record low C = 12.1 |Jun record high C = 37.5 |Jun record low C = 16.1 |Jul record high C = 39.0 |Jul record low C = 19.4 |Aug record high C = 37.0 |Aug record low C = 19.3 |Sep record high C = 36.6 |Sep record low C = 14.2 |Oct record high C = 35.0 |Oct record low C = 8.2 |Nov record high C = 34.6 |Nov record low C = 2.2 |Dec record high C = 28.1 |Dec record low C = -3.0 |year high C= |year low C= |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 56.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 113.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 192.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 221.9 |May precipitation mm = 234.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 312.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 155.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 201.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 132.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 43.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 37.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 38.8 |Jan humidity = 73 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 78 |May humidity = 78 |Jun humidity = 79 |Jul humidity = 74 |Aug humidity = 77 |Sep humidity = 75 |Oct humidity = 69 |Nov humidity = 67 |Dec humidity = 70 |Jan precipitation days = 9.5 |Feb precipitation days = 14.7 |Mar precipitation days = 17.5 |Apr precipitation days = 18.1 |May precipitation days = 21.1 |Jun precipitation days = 17.8 |Jul precipitation days = 15.2 |Aug precipitation days = 15.7 |Sep precipitation days = 13.9 |Oct precipitation days = 7.4 |Nov precipitation days = 5.9 |Dec precipitation days = 6.1 |source 1 = China Meteorological Data Service Center |source 2 = Weather China (precipitation days 1971-2000)[7] }} DemographicsThe prefecture-level city of Longyan had a population of 2,559,545 inhabitants as of 2010, according to the 2010 National Census.[8] The population of Longyan in 2010 was 4.65% inferior than in 2000 (when the inhabitants of the city stand at 2,684,310), giving an average annual rate of growth of -0.47%.[8] AdministrationThe municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Xinluo District ({{lang|zh-hans|新罗区}}), together with the CPC and Public Security bureau. The information about population uses the 2010 Census data.
CultureLongyan is inhabited by Hoklo people and Hakka peasants. The Hoklo people live in the urban areas and cities of Xinluo and Zhangping districts in the eastern Longyan prefecture and speak Longyan Min while Hakka peasants live in rural village areas of the countryside of the western part of the prefecture, making western Longyan famous for being named as the "Home of Hakka People".[9] The rural county of Changting is often referred to as the home of the Hakka, while the Ting River is known as the "mother river" of the Hakka people. Longyan is a recent artificial construct of the Chinese government, having never been united together before the creation of Modern China. The two culturally distinct and separate Hoklo eastern city areas and Hakka western rural peasant areas have almost nothing in common in terms of language, culture and living habits, and were only forcibly merged into a single administrative region recently in history by the communist government. EconomyLongyan serves as a strategic center for the distribution of goods to Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou. It also acts as a gateway for trade with Guangdong and Jiangxi province. It is the main connection between the inland and coastal area. Longyan is rich in natural resources such as important mineral deposits and forest zones. The Septwolves tobacco business is an important contributor to the local economy, as is the Zijin Mining group. The largest construction equipment maker Lonking Holdings is based in the city. Transport
Famous people from Longyan
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://lytjj.longyan.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/200906/t20090605_92729.htm |script-title=zh:2008年行政区划 |accessdate=2009-12-08 |date=2009-06-05 |publisher=Longyan Municipal Statistic Bureau}} 2. ^ 3. ^{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://lytjj.longyan.gov.cn/tjgb/201004/t20100401_134115.htm|script-title=zh:2009年龙岩市国民经济和社会发展统计公报|accessdate=2010-05-03 |date=2010-03-12 |publisher=Longyan Municipal Statistic Bureau}} 4. ^百度百科-龙岩 The introduction of Longyan on Baidu Encyclopedia 5. ^{{FishBase |genus=Rhinogobius |species=longyanensis |month=August |year=2013}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://paleodb.org/?a=basicTaxonInfo&taxon_no=274214 |title=†Claraia longyanensis Chen 1976 (clam) |author= |year= |work=Paleobiology Database |publisher= |accessdate=20 October 2013}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101230701.shtml? |script-title=zh:龙岩城市介绍 |website=Weather China |language=zh-hans}} 8. ^1 {{zh icon}} Longyan Statistic Bureau. Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China 9. ^1 市情特点. The characteristics of Longyan (in Simplified Chinese) External links{{Commons category|Longyan}}
3 : Prefecture-level divisions of Fujian|Cities in Fujian|Longyan |
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