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词条 Park ship
释义

  1. Park Steamship Company

  2. Vessels

  3. Shipyards

  4. Lost in action

  5. See also

  6. Further reading

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox ship image
Ship image = Ship caption =
}}{{Infobox ship career		 Hide header = Ship notes =
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		 Hide header = Header caption = Park Ship Ship class =2,878}}
  • {{NRT|1,653}}
  • 10,000 DWT
 Ship displacement =315|ft|5|in|m|2|abbr=on}}46|ft|5|in|m|2|abbr=on}} Ship height = Ship draught =22|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}} Ship decks = Ship deck clearance = Ship ramps = Ship ice class = Ship sail plan = Ship power = Triple expansion steam engine Ship propulsion = Screw propellor10|kn|km/h}-> Ship capacity = Ship crew = 34, plus 4 DEMS gunners Ship notes = Ship armament = *1 x 4 inch/50 caliber deck gun aft
  • 1 x 3 inch (76 mm)/50 caliber gun
  • 4 x 20 mm Oerlikon
  • 2 x twin .50 cal. machine guns
  • 20 x rail anti-aircraft rocket launcher (Pillar Box) [1]

}}
Park ships were merchant steamships constructed for Canada’s Merchant Navy during the Second World War. Park ships and Fort ships (built in Canada for operation by the British) were the Canadian equivalent of the American Liberty ships. All three shared a similar design by J.L. Thompson and Sons of Sunderland, England. Jasper Park was first Park ship lost to enemy attack, in the Indian Ocean after a torpedo{{clarify|date=January 2019|reason=rogue torpedo? submarine? a/c?}} attack.[2][3][4]

Park Steamship Company

The Allied merchant fleet suffered significant losses in the early years of the Battle of the Atlantic as a result of U-boat attacks. The Park Steamship Company was created by the Canadian government on April 8, 1942 to oversee construction of a merchant fleet to help replace the lost vessels and to administer the movement of materiel. This was part of a coordinated Allied effort that saw the construction of British, American and Canadian merchant ships using a common class of vessel known as the North Sands class (named after a beach near the J. L Thompson yard on the River Wear).[5]

Vessels

Over the next three years, the company ordered approximately 160 bulk cargo ships and 20 tankers that would all fly the Canadian flag. Ships at 10,000 tons deadweight were known as Park class. Smaller vessels, at a nominal 4,700 tons, were at first designated Grey class but were later called Park ships as well and were commonly known as the 4700 tonner Park ships. All the Park ships were powered by coal driven steam engines. All but two vessels launched were named for federal, provincial or municipal parks in Canada. Some were armed with bow guns and anti-torpedo nets. Two of the Park ships were lost to natural hazards and four were lost due to enemy action. One, {{SS|Avondale Park||2}}, built at the Pictou Shipyard in Pictou, Nova Scotia was one of two Allied ships destroyed by enemy action in the North Sea in the last hour of the war in Europe on May 7, 1945.[6][7][8]

At the same time, Canada produced 90 additional vessels for the American government which were turned over to the British Merchant Navy under a lend-lease agreement.[9] Built to the same design but designed to burn oil instead of coal, these vessels were known as Fort ships, and they took their names from forts. Notable ships of this type included {{ship||Fort Cataraqui|ship|2}}, {{ship|RFA|Fort Rosalie|A186|2}}, and {{ship|RFA|Fort Charlotte|A236|2}}. Like many of the Fort ships, Fort Charlotte was launched as a Park. The hull of the Park ships were riveted, not welded.

Shipyards

The table shows the name of the shipyard and city, and the number of vessels launched by each yard.[9] Eventually thousands of Canadians would serve aboard these Canadian Merchant Navy ships.[11]

Shipyard City Vessels
Launched
Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd. North Vancouver (BC) 24
North Van Ship Repair Ltd. North Vancouver (BC) 18
Prince Rupert Dry Dock & Shipyard Prince Rupert (BC) 6
Victoria Machinery Depot Co. Ltd. Victoria (BC) 11
West Coast Shipbuilders Ltd. Vancouver (BC) 24
Canadian Vickers Ltd. Montreal (Quebec) 1
Davie Shipbuilding & Repair Co Ltd. Lauzon (Quebec) 16
Foundation Maritime Pictou Shipyard Pictou (NS) 24[12]
Marine Industries Limited Sorel (Quebec) 18
Morton Engineering & Dry Dock Co. Ltd. (Quebec) 4
Saint John Dry Dock Co. Ltd. Saint John (NB) 8
United Shipyards Ltd. Montreal (Quebec) 25
Collingwood Shipyards Ltd. Collingwood (ON) 3
Total 182

Lost in action

  • Jasper Park was the first Park ship lost to enemy action.
  • The Point Pleasant Park was torpedoed near Cape Town, South Africa on February 23, 1945 with nine crew lost.
  • The Tabor Park sank in the North Sea on March 13, 1945 after U-boat attack.
  • The Avondale Park sank with her British crew on May 7, 1945. [13]

See also

  • Allied technological cooperation during World War II
  • Empire ships
  • List of Liberty ships

Further reading

  • Syd C. Heal, A Great Fleet of Ships: the Canadian forts & parks, Vanwell Publishing, 1999 {{ISBN|1-55125-023-3}}

References

1. ^merchant ships, Park armament
2. ^Park Ships, A to N
3. ^Park Ships, O to Y
4. ^Park Ships, Tankers
5. ^veterans.gc.ca, The Park Ships
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://ubootwaffe.net/ops/boat.cgi?boat=2336 |title=U-2336 Type XXIII |work=ubootwaffe.net |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315074757/http://www.ubootwaffe.net/ops/boat.cgi?boat=2336 |archivedate=March 15, 2006 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_3319.html|title=Patrol info for U-2336|last=Helgason|first=Guðmundur|work=Patrol info for U-162|publisher=Uboat.net|accessdate=13 March 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.timegun.org/war_casualties.html |title=War casualties or just victims of an arrogant Captain |publisher=Timegun Travels |accessdate=13 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212132244/http://www.timegun.org/war_casualties.html |archivedate=12 December 2009 |df= }}
9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/PARK.html |title= THE 'PARKS' |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=16 March 2010}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://198.103.49.2/content/history/other/sea/valoursea_eng.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704030924/http://198.103.49.2/content/history/other/sea/valoursea_eng.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=4 July 2011 |first=Patricia |last=Giesler |title=Valour at Sea: Canada's Merchant Navy |publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada |accessdate=16 March 2010 }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.junobeach.org/e/4/can-tac-mer-e.htm#null |title=The Merchant Navy of Canada |publisher=JunoBeach.org |accessdate=16 March 2010}}
12. ^List of ships built at the Pictou yard
13. ^veterans.gc.ca, Park Ship lost

External links

  • Launch of the SS Victoria Park, Pictou, Nova Scotia (newsclipping)
  • Launch of the SS Asby Park, Pictou, Nova Scotia (newsclipping)
{{Park ships}}

4 : Maritime history of Canada|World War II merchant ships of Canada|Steamships of Canada|Canadian Merchant Navy
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