| 释义 |
- List of Lord Chancellors of Scotland David I Malcolm IV William I Alexander II Alexander III English Appointees during the Interregnum Robert I David II Robert II Robert III James I James II James III James IV James V Mary I James VI Charles I Charles II James VII William III and Mary II Anne
- See also
- References Notes Sources
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}{{Use British English|date=February 2017}}The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland. Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or a Peer. At the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730. It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could potentially be revived. In the event of Scottish independence, the Scottish National Party proposes that the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament become Chancellor of Scotland, with additional constitutional powers during the absence of the Monarch from Scotland. In this respect, the Chancellor would hold a role similar to that of a Governor-General in the Commonwealth realms.[1] List of Lord Chancellors of ScotlandImageSize = width:400 height:2000 PlotArea = left:50 right:0 bottom:10 top:10 DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1308 till:1710 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1310 Define $dx=25 # shift text to the right PlotData= color:red mark:(line,blue) align:left fontsize:S shift:($dx,-5) # shift text to right side of bar # there is no automatic collision detection, # so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap from:1308 till:1328 text:"Bernard de Linton, Abbot of Arbroath" from:1349 till:1354 text:"William Caldwell" from:1439 till:1444 text:"Sir William Crichton" shift:($dx,-7) from:1444 till:1444 text:"James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrew's" shift:($dx,-2) from:1454 till:1456 text:"William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney" from:1483 till:1488 text:"Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll" shift:($dx,-8) from:1488 till:1488 text:"William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen" from:1488 till:1493 text:"Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll" shift:($dx,-2) from:1493 till:1498 text:"Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus" from:1498 till:1501 text:"George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly" from:1510 till:1513 text:"Alexander Stewart, Archbishop of St Andrew's" from:1513 till:1526 text:"James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, St Andrew's" from:1526 till:1528 text:"Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus" from:1528 till:1542 text:"Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow" from:1543 till:1546 text:"Cardinal David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrew's" from:1546 till:1562 text:"George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly" shift:($dx,-9) from:1563 till:1566 text:"James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton" shift:($dx,-11) from:1566 till:1567 text:"George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly" shift:($dx,-9) from:1567 till:1572 text:"James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton" shift:($dx,-9) from:1572 till:1573 text:"Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll" shift:($dx,-7) from:1578 till:1579 text:"John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl" shift:($dx,-9) from:1579 till:1579 text:"Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll" shift:($dx,+2) from:1584 till:1585 text:"James Stewart, Earl of Arran" from:1587 till:1595 text:"Sir John Maitland" from:1598 till:1604 text:"John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose" from:1604 till:1622 text:"Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline" from:1622 till:1634 text:"George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull" from:1635 till:1638 text:"John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews" from:1641 till:1661 text:"John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun" from:1661 till:1664 text:"William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn" from:1667 till:1681 text:"John Leslie, 1st Duke of Rothes" from:1682 till:1684 text:"George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen" shift:($dx,-6) from:1684 till:1688 text:"James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth" shift:($dx,-2) from:1692 till:1696 text:"John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale" from:1696 till:1702 text:"Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont" shift:($dx,-8) from:1702 till:1704 text:"James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield" shift:($dx,-10) from:1704 till:1705 text:"John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale" from:1705 till:1708 text:"James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield" shift:($dx,0) |
David I- 1124-1126: John Capellanus
- 1126-1143: Herbert of Selkirk
- bef.1143-1145: Edward, Bishop of Aberdeen
- c.1147–c.1150: William Comyn
- bef.1150-1153: Walter, possibly Walter fitz Alan[2]
Malcolm IV- 1153–1165: Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow
William I- 1165-1171: Nicholas
- c.1171-1178: Walter de Bidun, Bishop of Dunkeld
- c.1178–1189: Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1189–1199: Hugh de Roxburgh, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1199–1202: William de Malveisin, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1203-1210: Florence of Holland, Bishop-elect of Glasgow
- 1211-1224: William del Bois, Archdeacon of Lothian
Alexander II- 1226-1227: Thomas de Stirling, Archdeacon of Glasgow
- 1227-1230: Matthew the Scot, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
- 1231–1233: William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1233-1249: Sir William de Lindsay
Alexander III- 1249–1250: Robert de Keldeleth, Abbot of Dunfermline
- 1250-1253: Gamelin, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1256–1257: Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld
- 1259-1273: William Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1273–c.1279: William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
- 1285-1291: Thomas Charteris, Archdeacon of Lothian
English Appointees during the Interregnum- 1291: Alan de St Edmund, Bishop of Caithness
- 1292: William de Dumfries
- 1292: Alan de Dumfries
- 1294-1295: Thomas de Hunsinghore
- 1295-1296: Alexander Kennedy
- c.1301–c.1305: Nicholas de Balmyle, Bishop of Dunblane
Robert I- 1308–1328: Bernard, Abbot of Arbroath (later Bishop of the Isles)
David II- 1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow Primo
- 1329-1332: Adam de Moravia, Bishop of Brechin
- 1338-1341: William Bullock, Chancellor to Edward Baliol[3]
- 1342: William de Bosco
- 1335x1340–1346: Sir Thomas Charteris
- 1350-1352: William Caldwell
- 1353–1370: Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of Brechin
Robert II- 1370–1377: John de Carrick, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
- 1377–1390: John de Peebles, Bishop of Dunkeld
Robert III- 1394: Duncan Petit, Archdeacon of Glasgow
- 1396-1421: Gilbert de Greenlaw, Bishop of Aberdeen
James I- 1422–1425: William Lauder, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1426–1439: John Cameron, Bishop of Glasgow
James II- 1439–c.1444: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton
- 1444: James Kennedy, Archbishop of Saint Andrews
- 1444-1447: James Bruce, Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow
- 1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton,
- 1454–1456: William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness
- 1457–1460: George Shoreswood, Bishop of Brechin
James III- 1460–1482: Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale
- 1482–1483: John Laing, Bishop of Glasgow
- 1483: James Livingstone, Bishop of Dunkeld
- 1483–1488: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
James IV- 1488 (Feb–Jun): William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen
- 1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
- 1493–1497: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus
- 1497–1501: George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly
- 1501–1504: James Stewart, Duke of Ross
- 1510–1513: Alexander Stewart (d. 1513), Archbishop of St Andrews
James V- 1513–1526: James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow (later Archbishop of St Andrews)
- 1527–1528: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
- 1528–1543: Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow
Mary I- 1543–1546: David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews
- 1546–1562: George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
- 1563–1566: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
- 1566–1567: George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly
James VI- 1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
- 1573 (Jan–Sep): Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll
- 1573–1578: John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis
- 1578–1579: John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl
- 1579–1584: Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll
- 1584–1585: James Stewart, Earl of Arran
- 1586–1595: John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane
- 1599–1604: John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose
- 1604–1622: Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline
- 1622–1634: George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull
Charles I- 1635–1638: John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews
- 1638–1641: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
- 1641–1660: John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun
Charles II- 1660–1664: William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn
- 1664–1681: John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes (1st Duke of Rothes from 29 May 1680)
- 1681-1682: Office vacant
- 1682–1684: George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen
James VII- 1684–1689: James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth
William III and Mary II- 1689-1692: In commission
- 1692–1696: John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale
- 1696–1702: Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont
Anne- 1702–1704: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
- 1704–1705: John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale
- 1705–1707: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
See also- Director of Chancery
- Privy Council of Scotland
- Treasurer of Scotland
- Treasurer-depute of Scotland
- Secretary of State, Scotland
- List of Masters of Requests
ReferencesNotes1. ^Principles of the Constitution, at constitutionalcommission.org (.pdf file)
2. ^Cowan, p. 70
3. ^Cowan, p159
Sources- Cowan, Samuel, The Lord Chancellors of Scotland Edinburgh 1911. [https://archive.org/stream/lordchancellorso01cowauoft#page/n7/mode/2up]
- "Lord chancellors of Scotland in the Oxford DNB", in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2007 accessed 20 Feb 2007{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
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