词条 | Paul Gratzik |
释义 |
LifePaul Gratzik was born in Lindenhof, near Lötzen in East Prussia (modern Poland), the third of six children of a farm worker. His father fell in the first days of the Second World War.[5] Early in 1945 he, his mother, and siblings fled westwards in an ox cart, ending up in Schönberg in Mecklenburg, in what would become East Germany.[4] After completing compulsory education he undertook a carpentry apprenticeship from 1952 to 1954, and then did manual work in the Ruhr, in Berlin, in Weimar, and later in the brown coal open-cast mine in Schlabendorf in the Lausitz. In Berlin he tried to complete his Abitur at evening classes.[4] In Weimar, in 1962, he was an official in the local Free German Youth and decided to collaborate with the Ministry for State Security (MfS or Stasi) as an informer. He also began to write.[3][4] From 1963 to 1968 he studied at the Weimar teacher training institute (de:Institut für Lehrerbildung).[4] His first play was published in 1966.[6] In 1968 he enrolled at the "Johannes R. Brecher" Institute for Literature at Leipzig University, a creative writing school, but after a short time, by almost unanimous vote of faculty and students, he was expelled.[3][4] He then taught at a children's home in Dönschten in the Osterzgebirge. In 1971 he began to work full-time as a writer and joined the GDR writer's guild (Deutscher Schriftstellerverband). But in 1974 he began again to work in industry, part-time, at the Dresden transformer factory. From 1977, Gratzik lived in Berlin, employed as playwright by the Berliner Ensemble. He was awarded the Heinrich Mann Prize in 1980.[3] Then in 1981 he refused all further cooperation with the MfS and confessed to his friends, amongst them Heiner Müller, that he had informed on them. He was no longer allowed to publish, and many friends shunned him.[7][8] From 1984 he became an object of observation by the Stasi and experienced harassment by them.[4] Since the middle of the 1980s he lived in seclusion in the Uckermark, between Templin and Prenzlau.[4] Paul Gratzik's work reflects his own experiences as a manual worker under East German socialism. Although a convinced communist, his unadorned realism, and readiness to tackle taboo themes, for example the East German juvenile re-education establishments (Jugendwerkhöfe), brought him into conflict with the censors.[3] In GDR literary circles he was, as a worker who wrote, already unusual, but his gregariousness, charisma, and magnetic effect on women, made him one of the most colourful figures.[7][9] Neither the British Library nor the German National Library list any English translations of his work.[6][10] Works(This list is taken from [4] with some publication data added from the German Wikipedia article Paul Gratzik)
Vaterlandsverräter filmVaterlandsverräter is a 97-minute documentary film about Paul Gratzik directed by the German film maker {{Interlanguage link multi|Annekatrin Hendel|de|3=Annekatrin Hendel}}, who had known Gratzik for twenty years before making the film.[11] It premiered at the Berlinale in 2011. In 2012 it was broadcast by Arte, and in 2013 awarded a Grimme-Preis in the Information category: {{quote|text=Annekatrin Hendel presents her protagonist as a contradictory, sometimes challenging, sometimes repellent character. A protagonist disdaining discretion, pompous, charming, brusque. She allows him no excuses, forces him to confront his past, the while respecting him as a person. It is stimulating, even exciting, and forces the viewer to address this polarising figure, to take a position. There are hundreds of films about the GDR and the Stasi, this is one of the few that do not follow the well-trodden path of self-certainty.|sign=Jury|source=Grimme-Preis, 2013[12]}} Die Zeit, amongst others, also praised the film: {{quote|text=It concerns a traitor who regrets his treachery, finds the courage to confess to his friends, and now waits out his days in provincial Uckermark. Vaterlandsverräter begins to historicize the Stasi, but also to differentiate its image. It is an important film with a new angle on the subject.[7]}} The DVD of Vaterlandsverräter has English subtitles. External linksFilm official site 'Enemy of the State'References1. ^[https://www.jungewelt.de/artikel/334479.paul-gratzik-gestorben.html Paul Gratzik gestorben], abgerufen am 19. Juni 2018 {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gratzik, Paul}}2. ^[https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/kultur/literatur/ein-traum-von-sozialismus-der-schriftsteller-paul-gratzik-ist-verstorben-30647968# Ein Traum von Sozialismus Der Schriftsteller Paul Gratzik ist verstorben], abgerufen am 19. Juni 2018 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Biographische Datenbanken|url=http://bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=1073|publisher=Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur|accessdate=11 August 2013|language=German}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|title=Vaterlandsverräter|url=http://vaterlandsverraeter.com/|publisher=Film homepage. IT WORKS! Medien GmbH|accessdate=11 August 2013}} 5. ^{{cite news|last=Becker|first=Dirk|title=Er hat an das Paradies geglaubt|url=http://www.pnn.de/potsdam-kultur/590347/|accessdate=11 August 2013|newspaper=Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten|date=28 October 2011|language=German}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek|url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=per%3D%22paul+gratzik%22&method=simpleSearch|publisher=Deutsche Nationalbibliothek|location=Leipzig, Frankfurt am Main}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Joel|first=Fokke|title=Dokumentation eines Verrats|url=http://www.zeit.de/kultur/film/2011-09/film-vaterlandsverraeter|accessdate=11 August 2013|newspaper=Zeit Online|date=4 October 2011|language=German}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Schneider|first=Rolf|title=Kohlenkutte: Baal im realen Sozialismus|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14349221.html|accessdate=11 August 2013|newspaper=Der Spiegel|date=12 July 1982|language=German}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Vaterlandsverräter|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/2011/02_programm_2011/02_Filmdatenblatt_2011_20113210.php|publisher=Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin|accessdate=11 August 2013|language=German}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Explore the British Library|url=http://catalogue.bl.uk/|publisher=The British Library|location=London}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Ernst|first=Katja|title=Vaterlandsverräter|url=http://www.arte.tv/de/vaterlandsverraeter/7313802,CmC=7313792.html|work=Arte Magazin|publisher=Arte|accessdate=11 August 2013|date=1 March 2013|language=German}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Vaterlandsverräter / Jurybegründung|url=http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1742|work=Grimme Preis|publisher=Grimme Institute|accessdate=11 August 2013|language=German|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192031/http://www.grimme-institut.de/html/index.php?id=1742|archivedate=29 October 2013|df=}} 10 : 1935 births|2018 deaths|People from Giżycko County|People from East Prussia|20th-century German novelists|East German writers|Heinrich Mann Prize winners|German male novelists|20th-century German male writers|People of the Stasi |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。