| 词条 | Loretta Young | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| name = Loretta Young | image = Loretta young studio portrait.jpg | caption = Studio portrait of Young, 1940s | birth_name = Gretchen Young | birth_date = {{birth date|1913|1|6|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2000|8|12|1913|1|6|mf=yes}} | death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | resting place = Holy Cross Cemetery | occupation = Actress | years active = 1917–1994 | spouse = {{marriage|Grant Withers|1930|1931|reason=annulled}} {{marriage|Tom Lewis|1940|1969|reason=divorced}} {{marriage|Jean Louis|1993|1997|end=d.}} | relatives = Polly Ann Young (sister) Sally Blane (sister) Georgiana Young (half-sister) | children = {{Unbulleted list|Judy Lewis|Christopher Lewis|Peter Lewis}} }} Loretta Young (born Gretchen Young; January 6, 1913 – August 12, 2000) was an American actress. Starting as a child actress, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953. She won the 1948 Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the 1947 film The Farmer's Daughter, and received an Oscar nomination for her role in Come to the Stable in 1949. Young moved to the relatively new medium of television, where she had a dramatic anthology series, The Loretta Young Show, from 1953 to 1961. The series earned three Emmy Awards, and was re-run successfully on daytime TV and later in syndication. In the 1980s, Young returned to the small screen and won a Golden Globe for her role in Christmas Eve in 1986. Early lifeShe was born Gretchen Young in Salt Lake City, Utah, the daughter of Gladys (née Royal) and John Earle Young.[1][2] At confirmation, she took the name Michaela. When she was two years old, her parents separated, and when she was three, her family and she moved to Hollywood. Her sisters Polly Ann and Elizabeth Jane (better known as Sally Blane) and she worked as child actresses, but of the three, Gretchen was the most successful. Young's first role was at the age of two or three, in the silent film Sweet Kitty Bellairs. During her high-school years, she was educated at Ramona Convent Secondary School. She was signed to a contract by John McCormick (1893–1961), husband and manager of actress Colleen Moore, who saw the young girl's potential.[3] The forename Loretta was given to her by Moore, who later explained it was the name of her favorite doll.[4] CareerFilmYoung was billed as Gretchen Young in the silent film Sirens of the Sea (1917). She was first billed as Loretta Young in 1928, in The Whip Woman. That same year, she co-starred with Lon Chaney in the MGM film Laugh, Clown, Laugh. The next year, she was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars.[5] In 1930, when she was 17, she eloped with 26-year-old actor Grant Withers; they were married in Yuma, Arizona. The marriage was annulled the next year, just as their second movie together (ironically entitled Too Young to Marry) was released. In 1935, she co-starred with Clark Gable and Jack Oakie in the film version of Jack London's The Call of the Wild, directed by William Wellman. During World War II, Young made Ladies Courageous (1944; reissued as Fury in the Sky), the fictionalized story of the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron. It depicted a unit of female pilots who flew bomber planes from the factories to their final destinations. Young made as many as eight movies a year. In 1947, she won an Oscar for her performance in The Farmer's Daughter. That same year, she co-starred with Cary Grant and David Niven in The Bishop's Wife, a perennial favorite. In 1949, she received another Academy Award nomination for Come to the Stable. In 1953, she appeared in her last theatrical film, It Happens Every Thursday, a Universal comedy about a New York couple who move to California to take over a struggling weekly newspaper; her co-star was John Forsythe. TelevisionYoung hosted and starred in the well-received half-hour anthology television series Letter to Loretta (soon retitled The Loretta Young Show), which was originally broadcast from 1953 to 1961. She earned three Emmy awards for the program. Her trademark was a dramatic entrance through a living room door in various high-fashion evening gowns. She returned at the program's conclusion to offer a brief passage from the Bible or a famous quote that reflected upon the evening's story. (Young's introductions and concluding remarks were not re-run on television because she legally stipulated that they not be, as she did not want the dresses she wore in those segments to make the program seem dated.) The program ran in prime time on NBC for eight years, the longest-running primetime network program hosted by a woman up to that time.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} The program was based on the premise that each drama was in answer to a question asked in her fan mail. The title was changed to The Loretta Young Show during the first season (as of the episode of February 14, 1954), and the "letter" concept was dropped at the end of the second season. Towards the end of the second season, Young was hospitalized as a result of overwork, which required a number of guest hosts and guest stars; her first appearance in the 1955–1956 season was for the Christmas show. From then on, Young appeared in only about half of each season's shows as an actress, and served as the program's host for the remainder. Minus Young's introductions and conclusions, the series was re-run as the Loretta Young Theatre in daytime by NBC from 1960 to 1964. It also appeared in syndication into the early 1970s before being withdrawn. In the 1962–1963 television season, Young appeared as Christine Massey, a freelance magazine writer and the mother of seven children, in The New Loretta Young Show, on CBS. It fared poorly in the ratings on Monday evenings against ABC's Ben Casey. It was dropped after one season of 26 episodes.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} In the 1990s, selected episodes from Young's personal collection, with the opening and closing segments (and original title) intact, were released on home video and frequently shown on cable television. {{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} AwardsIn 1988, Young received the Women in Film Crystal Award for outstanding women who through their endurance and the excellence of their work helped expand the role of women in the entertainment industry.[6] Young has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for her work in television, at 6135 Hollywood Boulevard, and the other for her work in motion pictures, at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard.[7] In 2011, a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars, in Palm Springs, California, was dedicated to her.[8] Personal lifeYoung was married to actor Grant Withers from 1930 to 1931. From September 1933 to June 1934, she had a public affair with Spencer Tracy, her co-star in Man's Castle.[9] She married producer Tom Lewis in 1940; they divorced bitterly in the mid-1960s. Lewis died in 1988. They had two sons: Peter Lewis (of the San Francisco rock band Moby Grape); and Christopher Lewis, a film director. Young married the fashion designer Jean Louis in 1993. He died in 1997. Young was godmother to Marlo Thomas (daughter of TV star Danny Thomas).[10] A smoker since the age of eight,[11] Young quit the habit in the mid-1980s to gain 10 pounds.[12] Pregnancy by Clark GableYoung and Clark Gable were the romantic leads of the 1935 Twentieth Century Pictures film The Call of the Wild, which was filmed early in that year. Young was then 22 years old; Gable was 34 and married (to Maria "Ria" Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham). During the filming, Gable impregnated Young.[13] For the next 80 years, those who knew of Gable's paternity widely assumed the pregnancy to be the result of an affair between the two. However, in 2015, Linda Lewis, Young's daughter-in-law (and Christopher Lewis's wife) stated publicly that in 1998, Young told Lewis that Gable had raped her and that though the two had flirted on set, no affair and no intimate contact had occurred save for that one incident.[14] Young had not revealed the information before to anyone. According to Lewis, Young stated it only after learning of the concept of date rape; she had previously always believed it was a woman's job to fend off men's amorous advances and had felt the fact that Gable had been able to force himself on her was thus a moral failing on her part.[14] Linda Lewis said the family stayed silent about the date-rape claim until after both Loretta Young and Judy Lewis had died.[14] Young, her sisters, and her mother came up with a plan to hide the pregnancy and then pass off the child as adopted.[14] Young did not want to damage her career or Gable's, and she knew that if Twentieth Century Pictures found out about the pregnancy, they would try to pressure her to have an abortion, which Young, a devout Catholic, considered a mortal sin.[14] When the pregnancy began to show, Young went on a "vacation" to England, and several months later returned to California. Shortly before the birth, she gave an interview from her bed, covered in blankets, stating that her long movie absence was due to a condition she had had since childhood. Young gave birth to Judith Young on November 6, 1935, in a house that her mother and she owned in Venice, California. Young named Judith after St. Jude, because he was the patron saint of (among other things) difficult situations.[14] Weeks after her birth, Judith was placed in an orphanage.[15] Judith would spend the next 19 months in various "hideaways and orphanages", before being re-united with her mother;[16] Young then claimed that she had adopted Judith.[17] After Young married Tom Lewis, Judith took Lewis's last name.[18] Few in Hollywood were fooled by the ruse, and Judy Lewis's true parentage was widely rumored in entertainment circles. When Lewis was 31 years old, she confronted Young about her parentage;[19] Young privately admitted the truth, stating that Judy was "a walking mortal sin".[20] Young refused to confirm or comment publicly on the rumors until 1999, when Joan Wester Anderson wrote Young's authorized biography. In interviews with Anderson for the book, Young stated that Judy was her biological child and the product of a brief affair with Gable.[21] PoliticsYoung was a life-long Republican.[22] In 1952, she appeared in radio, print, and magazine ads in support of Dwight D. Eisenhower in his campaign for US president. She attended his inauguration in 1953 along with Anita Louise, Louella Parsons, Jane Russell, Dick Powell, June Allyson, and Lou Costello, among others. She was a vocal supporter of Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan in their presidential campaigns in 1968 and 1980, respectively.[23] Young was also an active member of the Hollywood Republican Committee, with her close friends Irene Dunne, Ginger Rogers, William Holden, George Murphy, Fred Astaire, and John Wayne.[24] Later lifeFrom the time of Young's retirement in the 1960s until not long before her death, she devoted herself to volunteer work for charities and churches with her friends of many years: Jane Wyman, Irene Dunne, and Rosalind Russell.[25] She was a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.[26] Young, a devout Roman Catholic,[27][28] also worked with various Catholic charities after her acting career.[27][29] Young briefly came out of retirement to star in two television films: Christmas Eve (1986) and Lady in the Corner (1989). She won a Golden Globe Award for the former, and was nominated for the latter. In 1972, a jury in Los Angeles awarded Young $550,000 in a lawsuit against NBC for breach of contract. Filed in 1966, the suit contended that NBC had allowed foreign television outlets to re-run old episodes of The Loretta Young Show without excluding, as agreed by the parties, the opening segment in which Young made her entrance. Young testified that her image had been damaged by portraying her in "outdated gowns". She had sought damages of $1.9 million.[30] DeathYoung died of ovarian cancer on August 12, 2000, at the home of her half-sister, Georgiana Montalbán[31] (the wife of actor Ricardo Montalban), in Santa Monica, California. She was interred in the family plot in Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Her ashes were buried in the grave of her mother, Gladys Belzer.[32] Filmography
Radio appearances
See also{{Portal|Biography|Film}}
References1. ^Leading Ladies The 50 Most Unforgettable Actresses of the Studio Era. New York: Chronicle, 2006 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csMDnRXe4vMC&pg=PA113&dq=Gladys+Royal+John+Earle+Young |author=Spicer, Christopher J.|title=Clark Gable: Biography, Filmography, Bibliography |page=113 |publisher=Books.google.ca|accessdate=2015-09-30}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.loretta-young.com/FY-leaving-gretch-behind.html|title=Loretta Young|publisher=loretta-young.com|accessdate=2015-09-30}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/biography/loretta-young/4.html|title=Loretta Young profile|publisher=Bookrags.com|date=November 2, 2010|accessdate=February 24, 2018}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Lowe|first=Denise|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films, 1895–1930|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|page=67|isbn=0-7890-1843-8}} 6. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630083646/http://wif.org/past-recipients |date=June 30, 2011 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.walkoffame.com/loretta-young |title=Walk of Fame Stars: Loretta Young |publisher=Hollywood Chamber of Commerce |accessdate=October 13, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403071134/http://walkoffame.com/loretta-young |archivedate=April 3, 2016 |deadurl=no |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf |format=PDF |title=Palm Springs Walk of Stars by Date Dedicated |publisher=Palmspringswalkofstars.com |accessdate=2015-09-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013165655/http://www.palmspringswalkofstars.com/web-storage/Stars/Stars%20dedicated%20by%20date.pdf |archivedate=2012-10-13 |df= }} 9. ^Curtis (2011), p. 210 for the beginning of the affair, pp. 213 and 215 for the public nature of the relationship, p. 235 for the break-up. 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/570103/Loretta-Young-Movie-Promo-by-Marlo-Thomas.html |title=Loretta Young – (Movie Promo) by Marlo Thomas |publisher=Tcm.com |date= |accessdate=2015-09-30}} 11. ^{{cite web|first=John|last=Kobal|title=People Will Talk|date=1985|publisher=Knopf|isbn=9780394536606}} 12. ^{{cite web|first=Lena|last=Williams|title=AT HOME WITH: Loretta Young; Life Waltzes On|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/30/garden/at-home-with-loretta-young-life-waltzes-on.html|date=March 30, 1995|access-date=December 6, 2018}} 13. ^http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20111130_Judy_Lewis__daughter_of_Loretta_Young_and_Clark_Gable_dies.html 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/annehelenpetersen/loretta-young |title=Clark Gable Accused of Raping Co-Star |first=Anne Helen |last=Petersen |publisher=BuzzFeed |date= |accessdate=2015-09-30}} 15. ^Vitello, Paul. "Judy Lewis, Secret Daughter of Hollywood, Dies at 76", Nov 30, 2011. New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/arts/television/judy-lewis-secret-daughter-of-hollywood-dies-at-76.html?pagewanted=all] 16. ^Vitello, Paul. "Judy Lewis, Secret Daughter of Hollywood, Dies at 76", Nov 30, 2011. New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/arts/television/judy-lewis-secret-daughter-of-hollywood-dies-at-76.html?pagewanted=all] 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/home/showbiz-news/article/16122219 |title=Clark Gable's 'Secret' Daughter Judy Dies |publisher=News.sky.com |date=2011-12-02 |accessdate=2012-08-17}} 18. ^Vitello, Paul. "Judy Lewis, Secret Daughter of Hollywood, Dies at 76", Nov 30, 2011. New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/arts/television/judy-lewis-secret-daughter-of-hollywood-dies-at-76.html?pagewanted=all] 19. ^Vitello, Paul. "Judy Lewis, Secret Daughter of Hollywood, Dies at 76", Nov 30, 2011. New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/arts/television/judy-lewis-secret-daughter-of-hollywood-dies-at-76.html?pagewanted=all] 20. ^Interview with Judy Lewis. Girl 27 (documentary), 2007. 21. ^{{cite book|title=Forever Young: The Life, Loves, and Enduring Faith of a Hollywood Legend: The Authorized Biography of Loretta Young|author=Anderson, Joan Wester |publisher=Thomas More Publishing|date=November 2000|isbn=978-0883474679}} 22. ^Dick, Bernard. Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. pp. 197–201. 23. ^Dick, Bernard. Hollywood Madonna: Loretta Young. p. 202. 24. ^Epstein, Edward (1986). Loretta Young: An Extraordinary Life. pp. 215–216. 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://classichollywood101.blogspot.com/2010/07/bffs-of-classic-hollywood.html |title=Classic Hollywood 101: The BFF's of Classic Hollywood |publisher=Classichollywood101.blogspot.com |date=2010-07-09 |accessdate=2015-09-30}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.goodshepherdbh.org/a-city-on-a-hill/our-history/ |title=Our History | Church of the Good Shepherd |publisher=Goodshepherdbh.org |date= |accessdate=2015-09-30}} 27. ^1 {{cite book|last=Laufenberg|first=Norbert B.|title=Entertainment Celebrities|year=2005|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=1-4120-5335-8|page=863}} 28. ^{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Ronald L.|title=Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne|year=2001|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=0-8061-3329-5|page=47}} 29. ^{{cite book|last=Lowe|first=Denise|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women In Early American Films, 1895–1930|year=2005|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-7890-1843-8|page=585}} 30. ^"Loretta Young Wins $559,000 Damages". Oakland Tribune. January 18, 1972. p. 12. 31. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/849409.stm|title=Elegant Beauty Loretta Young Dies|date=2000-08-12|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2 May 2010}} 32. ^{{cite web|author=Gary Wayne|url=http://www.seeing-stars.com/Buried2/HolyCross2.shtml|title=Holy Cross Cemetery, Part 2: Stars' Graves|publisher=Seeing-stars.com|accessdate=2015-09-30}} 33. ^{{AFI film|4834|They Call It Sin}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=https://orsonwelles.indiana.edu/items/show/2011 |title=The Campbell Playhouse: Theodora Goes Wild |date=January 14, 1940 |website=Orson Welles on the Air, 1938–1946 |publisher=Indiana University Bloomington |access-date=2018-07-29 }} 35. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|title=Those Were the Days|journal=Nostalgia Digest|date=Winter 2013|volume=39|issue=1|pages=32–41.}} 36. ^{{cite news|last1=Kirby|first1=Walter|title=Better Radio Programs for the Week|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2458532/the_decatur_daily_review/|agency=Decatur Daily Review|date=March 23, 1952|page=44|via = Newspapers.com|accessdate = May 21, 2015}} {{Open access}} 37. ^{{cite news|last1=Kirby|first1=Walter|title=Better Radio Programs for the Week|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2533510/the_decatur_daily_review/|agency=Decatur Daily Review|date=February 17, 1952|page=40|via = Newspapers.com|accessdate = June 1, 2015}} {{Open access}} Further reading
External links{{commons}}
|title = Awards for Loretta Young |list ={{AcademyAwardBestActress 1941-1960}}{{GoldenGlobeBestActressTVMiniseriesFilm 1981-1999}}{{EmmyAward DramaLeadActress}} }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Loretta}} 19 : 1913 births|2000 deaths|20th-century American actresses|Actresses from Los Angeles|Actresses from Salt Lake City|American child actresses|American film actresses|American people of Luxembourgian descent|American Roman Catholics|American silent film actresses|American television actresses|Best Actress Academy Award winners|Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners|Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City|Deaths from cancer in California|Deaths from ovarian cancer|Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners|California Republicans|WAMPAS Baby Stars |
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