| 词条 | Loriinae |
| 释义 |
| name = Loriinae | image = Rainbow lorikeet.jpg | image_caption = Rainbow lorikeet (T. m. moluccanus) | taxon = Loriinae | authority = Selby, 1836 | subdivision_ranks = Tribes | subdivision =
}} Loriinae is a subfamily of psittacines birds, one of the five subfamilies that make up the Psittaculidae family. It consists of three tribes, the lories and lorikeets (Loriini), the budgerigar (Melopsittacini) and the fig parrots (Cyclopsittini), which are small birds, mostly of bright colors and inhabitants of Oceania and the islands of Southeast Asia. TaxonomyTraditionally it was considered that the lories were the only members of the subfamily Loriinae, or were integrated into their own family, Loriidae,[1] but currently they are classified as a tribe, Loriini, within a larger Loriinae subfamily. The genetic studies showed that the lories are closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots of the genera Cyclopsitta and Psittaculirostris,[2][3][4][5][6] that form the other two tribes that make up the subfamily, Melopsittacini and Cyclopsittini, respectively. Loriinae is integrated as one of the five subfamilies of the family Psittaculidae, together with Psittaculinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae, Agapornithinae; and in turn Psittaculidae forms together with two families more the superfamily Psittacoidea. GeneraThe following most recent classification, based on the most relevant research in the field.[7][2][4][8][9][10] Tribe Cyclopsittini:
Tribe Loriini:
Tribe Melopsittacini:
References1. ^{{cite book | last1= Forshaw| first= Joseph M.| author2= Cooper, William T.|year= 1981|origyear=1973, 1978|edition=corrected second| title= Parrots of the World|publisher=David & Charles, Newton Abbot, London|isbn=0-7153-7698-5}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q212669}}2. ^1 {{cite publication|title=A Multilocus Molecular Phylogeny of the Parrots (Psittaciformes): Support for a Gondwanan Origin during the Cretaceous|publisher=Mol Biol Evol|year=2008|first=T.F. |last1=Wright| author2 = Schirtzinger E. E. | author3 = Matsumoto T. | author4 = Eberhard J. R. | author5 = Graves G. R. | author6 = Sanchez J. J. | author7 = Capelli S. | author8 = Muller H. | author9 = Scharpegge J. | author10 = Chambers G. K. | author11 = Fleischer R. C. |volume=25|number=10|pp=2141–56|doi= 10.1093/molbev/msn160|pmid=18653733|pmc=2727385}} 3. ^{{cite article|last=Astuti|first=Dwi| author2 = Azuma, Noriko | author3 = Suzuki, Hitoshi | author4 = Higashi, Seigo |year=2006|title=Phylogenetic relationships within parrots (Psittacidae) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene sequences.|journal=Zoological Science|volume=23|pages=191–98|doi=10.2108/zsj.23.191|pmid=16603811|number=2}} 4. ^1 {{cite article|last=de Kloet|first=RS|author2=de Kloet SR|year=2005|title=The evolution of the spindlin gene in birds: Sequence analysis of an intron of the spindlin W and Z gene reveals four major divisions of the Psittaciformes|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=36|pages=706–721|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.03.013|pmid=16099384|number=3}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Tokita|first1=Masayoshi|last2=Kiyoshi|first2=Takuya|last3=Armstrong|first3=Kyle N.|title=Evolution of craniofacial novelty in parrots through developmental modularity and heterochrony|journal=Evolution & Development|date=30 October 2007|volume=9|issue=6|pages=590–601|doi=10.1111/j.1525-142X.2007.00199.x}} 6. ^{{cite journal |journal=Condor |volume=93|issue=2|pages=302–17|doi=10.2307/1368946|jstor=1368946|title=Relationships among the Australo-Papuan Parrots, Lorikeets, and Cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes): Protein Evidence|year=1991|last1=Christidis|first1=L|last2=Schodde|first2=R|last3=Shaw|first3=D. D|last4=Maynes|first4=S. F}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last=Joseph |first=L. |last2=Toon |first2=A. |last3=Schritzinger |first3=E. E. |last4=Wright |first4=T. F. |last5=Schodde |first5=R |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/f/z03205p040f.pdf |year=2012 |title= A revised nomenclature and classification for family-group taxa of parrots (Psittaciformes) |journal= Zootaxa |volume= 3205 |pages= 26–40}} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=Macroevolutionary patterns in the diversification of parrots: effects of climate change, geological events and key innovations|year=2011|author1=Schweizer, Manuel |author2=Seehausen, Ole |author3=Hertwig, Stefan T. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=38|pages=2176–2194|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02555.x|number=11}} 9. ^{{cite journal|title=Molecular systematics of two enigmatic genera Psittacella and Pezoporus illuminate the ecological radiation of Australo-Papuan parrots (Aves: Psittaciformes)|author1=Joseph, Leo |author2=Toon, Alicia |author3=Schirtzinger, Erin E. |author4=Wright, Timothy F. |year=2011|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=59|pages=675–684|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.017|pmid=21453777|number=3}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Schweizer|first1=Manuel|last2=Seehausen|first2=Ole|last3=Güntert|first3=Marcel|last4=Hertwig|first4=Stefan T.|title=The evolutionary diversification of parrots supports a taxon pulse model with multiple trans-oceanic dispersal events and local radiations|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date=March 2010|volume=54|issue=3|pages=984–994|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.021}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Lorius&species=amabilis&source=animals |title=UNEP-WCMC Species Database Lorius amabilis |publisher=Unep-wcmc.org |accessdate=2013-02-09}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/isdb/Taxonomy/tax-species-result.cfm?Genus=Lorius&species=tibialis&source=animals |title=UNEP-WCMC Species Database Lorius tibialis |publisher=Unep-wcmc.org |accessdate=2013-02-09}} 2 : Bird subfamilies|Parrots |
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