| 词条 | Lorin Maazel |
| 释义 |
Early lifeMaazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His grandfather Isaac Maazel (1873-1925), born in Poltava, Ukraine, then in Russian Empire, for two decades was the first violinist in the Metropolitan Opera; he and his wife Esther Glazer (1879-1921), originally from Kharkiv, Ukraine, then in the Russian Empire, came to America in 1900 after the birth of their eldest son Marvin (1899-1988), who later became a pianist and composer. He was brought up in the United States, primarily at his parents' home in the city of Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood.[2] His father, Lincoln Maazel (1903–2009),[3] was a singer, teacher of voice and piano, and an actor (he co-starred in George A. Romero's 1978 horror movie Martin); and his mother, Marion "Marie" Shulman Maazel (1894–1992),[4] founded the Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra.[5] His grandfather Isaac was a violinist in the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra for twenty years. Both Lincoln and Marie gave interviews for the Oral History Collection at the University of Pittsburgh, Lincoln's in 1994, and Marie's in 1974.[6] Maazel was a child prodigy, taking his first conducting lesson at age seven with Vladimir Bakaleinikov and making his debut at age eight, conducting the University of Idaho Orchestra in Schubert's "Unfinished" Symphony in Los Angeles on July 13, 1938.[7] In the same year, he conducted the National High School Orchestra at the National Music Camp in Interlochen, Michigan; the following year he conducted 11 concerts by the same orchestra at the New York World’s Fair.[8] At the age of eleven, he guest-conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra on the radio. At twelve he toured the United States of America to conduct major orchestras. He made his violin debut at the age of fifteen. He attended the Fanny Edel Falk Laboratory School[9] at the University of Pittsburgh as a child, followed by Peabody High School and the University of Pittsburgh.[10][11][12] Maazel studied briefly with Pierre Monteux in 1945.[13] {{Use mdy dates|date=July 2014}}CareerIn the early 1950s, Maazel toured as the conductor with the Gershwin Concert Orchestra. The orchestra consisted of 25 members and a noted array of soloists. The orchestra was organized in cooperation with Ira Gershwin, to give the public a comprehensive Gershwin program. The list of soloists included George Gershwin's friend, Jesús María Sanromá, Carolyn Long and Theodor Uppman.[14] In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975. In 1972, Maazel began his tenure as music director at the Cleveland Orchestra, succeeding George Szell. Maazel's emotional, rich interpretation of music greatly differed from Szell's characteristic crisp, defined precision in performance.{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}} A notable achievement during this time was the first complete recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, using an all-African American cast (except for the chorus). Maazel held the post until 1982. He never returned to the Cleveland Orchestra after his departure, although a scheduled engagement in 2006 did not occur because of illness.[15] In 1977, he became music director of the Orchestre National de France in Paris, a position he held until 1991. From 1982 to 1984, Maazel served at the Vienna State Opera as general manager and principal conductor. In 1980, he succeeded Willi Boskovsky as conductor at the Vienna New Year's Concert and he led this televised annual event each year, until 1986. He returned to it four times: in 1994, 1996, 1999 and 2005. From 1984 to 1988, Maazel was the music consultant to the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, and its music director from 1988 to 1996. In 1989, expecting – but failing – to become successor to Herbert von Karajan as chief conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic, Maazel suddenly and publicly severed all connections with the orchestra when it was announced that Claudio Abbado was to take over. He claimed that his decision was because he was concerned for the orchestra's well-being.[16] From 1993 until 2002, he was chief conductor of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra in Munich. In 2000, Maazel made a guest-conducting appearance with the New York Philharmonic in two weeks of subscription concerts after an absence of over twenty years,[17] which met with positive reaction from the orchestra musicians.[18] This engagement led to his appointment in January 2001 as the orchestra's next music director, starting in 2002, succeeding Kurt Masur.[19][20] Maazel conducted the New York Philharmonic on their landmark visit to Pyongyang, North Korea on February 26, 2008. He led the orchestra in renditions of the North Korean and United States national anthems, Dvořák's New World Symphony, George Gershwin's An American in Paris, and closed with the traditional Korean folk song "Arirang". Maazel stepped down from the New York Philharmonic after the 2008/09 season. In 2004, Maazel became the music director of the Arturo Toscanini Philharmonic. From September 2006 till March 2011, he was the musical director of the Orquestra de la Comunitat Valenciana, the house orchestra of the opera house Palau de les Arts, Valencia, Spain. His last concert there as Music Director took place on his 81st birthday on March 6, 2011, conducting his only opera 1984. In March 2010, Maazel was named chief conductor of the Munich Philharmonic, effective with the 2012/13 season.[21] Early in 2014, Maazel cancelled concert engagements as a result of ill health. Subsequently, in June 2014, he announced his resignation as music director of the Munich Philharmonic, effective immediately.[22] Maazel conducted the music for three operatic films, Don Giovanni (1979), Carmen (1984) and Otello (1986). His own compositions included a poorly reviewed opera, 1984, based on the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.[23] He was depicted conducting Vienna's New Year concert on an Austrian postage stamp issued in 2005.[24] Maazel and his wife, Dietlinde Turban together operated a summer music festival called Castleton Festival at their Castleton, Virginia {{convert|600|acre|km2|adj=on}} estate, Castleton Farms.[25] Maazel arranged Wagner's Ring Cycle into a 70-minute suite, The 'Ring' Without Words, which he recorded in 1987 with the Berlin Philharmonic. Maazel's catalogue contained over 300 recordings of works by Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Schubert, Richard Strauss and others. He earned 10 Grand Prix du Disque awards.[23] Maazel died on July 13, 2014, at his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia. He was survived by his daughters Anjali Maazel and Daria Maazel Steketee; son Ilann Maazel and daughter Fiona Maazel; his wife, Dietlinde Turban Maazel, their sons Orson and Leslie, and their daughter Tara, and four grandchildren, Kiran, Owen, Calypso, and Sahara. HonorsMaazel was a Commander of the Légion d'honneur of the French Republic and of the Finnish Order of the Lion. He was decorated with the Bundesverdienstkreuz of the Federal Republic of Germany. On 27 May 2013, he received an honorary membership of the Vienna State Opera and the "Groszes Goldenes Verdienstkreuz" of Austria. Maazel received the Italian Premio Abbiati and was an Honorary Life Member of the Israel Philharmonic. In addition, he was a Kentucky Colonel.[26] Notable recordings
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Midgette|first1=Anne|title=Lorin Maazel, child prodigy turned brilliant conductor and festival founder: 1930–2014|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/lorin-maazel-child-prodigy-turned-brilliant-conductor-and-festival-founder-1930-2014/2014/07/13/9c7902ec-0ac9-11e4-8341-b8072b1e7348_story.html?hpid=z4|accessdate=July 14, 2014|work=Washington Post|date=July 13, 2014}} 2. ^Pittsburgh Live {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324123031/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/specialreports/10year/s_105329.html |date=March 24, 2007 }} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09266/1000195-122.stm|author=Sara Bauknecht |title=Obituary: Lincoln Maazel / Performer and father of symphony conductor|work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=September 23, 2009|accessdate=October 26, 2009}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR102208?refcatid=25&printerfriendly=true|author=Variety Staff |title=Obituary: Marion Maazel|work=Variety|date=December 17, 1992|accessdate=August 13, 2009}} 5. ^Lynne Conner (13 January 2002). "The Double Life of Lincoln Maazel", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 6. ^University of Pittsburgh Library 7. ^{{cite book |last=Kenneson |first=Claude |title=Musical Prodigies - Perilous Journeys, Remarkable Lives |year=1998 |publisher=Amadeus Press |location=Portland, Oregon |isbn=1574670468 |ref=harv}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://crescendo.interlochen.org/story/remembering-lorin-maazel |title=Remembering Lorin Maazel |last=Hanson |first=Byron |date=January–February 2018 |access-date=March 6, 2018 }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pittmag.pitt.edu/winter2007/feature3.html|title=Well Schooled|first=Elaine|last=Vitone|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|accessdate=July 13, 2014}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=High School Boy to Lead Pittsburgh Symphony|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19421215&id=CMRRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BWoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5361,3757520|accessdate=July 6, 2012|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=December 15, 1942}} 11. ^{{cite news|last=Apone|first=Carl|title=The Maazel Era Begins|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19860912&id=c-IhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H2MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6063,5804977|accessdate=July 6, 2012|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|date=September 12, 1986}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=East Liberty's Wall of Fame|url=http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20010507gallerylist9.asp|accessdate=July 6, 2012|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=May 7, 2001}} 13. ^Canarina J. Pierre Monteux, Maître. Amadeus Press, Pompton Plains, Cambridge, 2003, p. 228. 14. ^{{cite news|title=Gershwin Festival Program Held At Kohler|publisher=The Sheboygan Press|date=May 11, 1953|page=15}} 15. ^Donald Rosenberg, "Maazel cancels". Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 8, 2006. 16. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/25/arts/maazel-cancels-all-berlin-philharmonic-dates.html | work=The New York Times | title=Maazel Cancels All Berlin Philharmonic Dates | first=John | last=Rockwell | date=October 25, 1989}} 17. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/friday_review/story/0,,428320,00.html | title=The show goes on | work=The Guardian | author=Martin Kettle | date=January 26, 2001 | accessdate=April 27, 2007 | location=London}} 18. ^{{cite news | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D06E6DC113EF936A35751C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all | title=Musicians Sing Out and Philharmonic Listens | work=New York Times | author=Ralph Blumenthal and Doreen Carvajal | date=February 5, 2001 | accessdate=April 29, 2008}} 19. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9500E1DD1E3FF933A05752C0A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Maazel Is to Lead Philharmonic; Will Succeed Masur as Director|work=The New York Times|author=Ralph Blumenthal|date=January 30, 2001|accessdate=April 29, 2008}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2001/05/30/bmmaa30.xml&page=1|title=At last, I've made my father happy|work=The Telegraph|author=Norman Lebrecht|authorlink=Norman Lebrecht|date=May 31, 2001|accessdate=April 27, 2007|location=London}} 21. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.mphil.de/de/startseite/lorin-maazel/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528113205/http://www.mphil.de/de/startseite/lorin-maazel/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=May 28, 2010 |title=Lorin Maazel wird Chefdirigent der Münchner Philharmoniker |publisher=Munich Philharmonic |date=March 27, 2010 |accessdate=March 27, 2010 }} 22. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.welt.de/kultur/buehne-konzert/article128985771/Star-Dirigent-Lorin-Maazel-tritt-zurueck.html | title=Star-Dirigent Lorin Maazel tritt zurück | author=Lucas Wiegelmann | work=New York Times | date=2014-06-12 | accessdate=2015-02-07}} 23. ^1 [https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2014/07/13/lorin_maazel_inspiring_conductor_who_led_new_york_philharmonic_dies_at_84.html Lorin Maazel, inspiring conductor who led New York Philharmonic, dies at 84] 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.stampnews.com/stamps/stamps_2005/stamp_1175626817_991636.html | title=Austria: New Year's Concert 2005 – Lorin Maazel | date=January 1, 2005 | publisher=International Stamp News.com | accessdate=November 24, 2009}} 25. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/arts/music/14waki.html?pagewanted=all | title=For Maestro Maazel, It's on to the Coda | work=New York Times | author=Daniel J. Wakin | date=June 12, 2009 | accessdate=April 24, 2010}} 26. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10966484/Lorin-Maazel-obituary.html | title=Lorin Maazel – obituary | author= | work=Telegraph | date=2014-07-14 | accessdate=2014-07-20}} External links{{wikiquote}}
{{Cleveland Orchestra conductors}} {{Vienna State Opera directors}} {{ONF conductors}} {{PSOrch music directors}} {{Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra Chief Conductors}} {{NYPhil music directors}} {{Munich Philharmonic conductors}}}}{{Portal bar|Classical music}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Maazel, Lorin}} 31 : 1930 births|2014 deaths|20th-century American conductors (music)|21st-century American conductors (music)|American child musicians|American classical violinists|American male violinists|American male conductors (music)|American people of Russian-Jewish descent|Child classical musicians|Deaths from pneumonia|General Directors of the Vienna State Opera|Grammy Award winners|Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society|Jewish American classical composers|Jewish classical violinists|Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts|Music directors (opera)|Music directors of the Vienna State Opera|Musicians from Pittsburgh|Opera managers|Musicians from Shaker Heights, Ohio|University of Pittsburgh alumni|21st-century American composers|Music directors of the New York Philharmonic|American male classical composers|American classical composers|20th-century classical violinists|Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany|20th-century American composers|Infectious disease deaths in Virginia |
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