| 词条 | Los Millares |
| 释义 |
|name = Los Millares |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = Los Millares recreacion cuadro.jpg |alt = |caption = A model of the prehistoric town of Los Millares, with its walls. |map_type = Spain |map_alt = |map_caption = |map_size = |coordinates = {{coord|36|57|53|N|02|31|20|W|display=inline,title}} |location = Santa Fe de Mondújar, Province of Almería, Andalusia, Spain |region = |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = {{convert|2|ha|abbr=on}} |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = Chalcolithic |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = }} Los Millares is a Chalcolithic occupation site 17 km north of Almería, in the municipality of Santa Fe de Mondújar, Andalucía, Spain. The complex was in use from the end of the fourth millennium to the end of the second millennium BC and probably supported somewhere around 1000 people.[1][2] It was discovered in 1891 during the construction of a railway. It was first excavated by Luis Siret in the succeeding years. Excavations are ongoing. Site descriptionThe site covers {{convert|2|ha}} and comprises three concentric lines of stone walls, the outer ring the largest, running more than 650 feet with nineteen 'bastions' and a gate guarded by foreworks.[1] The road to the site is guarded by four smaller outlying stone forts.[1] There is an extensive cemetery of eighty passage grave tombs.[1] Radiocarbon dating has established that one wall collapsed and was rebuilt around 3025 BC. A cluster of simple dwellings lay inside the walls as well as one large building containing evidence of copper smelting. Pottery excavated from the site included plain and decorated wares including symbolkeramik bowls bearing oculus motifs. Similar designs appear on various carved stone idols found at the site. Although primarily farmers, the inhabitants of Los Millares had crucially also learned metal working, especially the smelting and forming of copper, and the site is considered highly important in understanding the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.[2] The Los Millares culture eventually came to dominate the Iberian peninsula. The population of Los Millares has been estimated at approximately 1000 in the timeframe 3200–2300 BC. The labor involved in its construction, the large volume of stones used, its geometric characteristics and sophisticated design all indicate multiple functionality, including defense and power.[3][4] Relationship to other prehistoric culturesLos Millares participated in the continental trends of Megalithism and the Beaker culture. Analysis of occupation material and grave goods from the Los Millares cemetery of 70 tholos tombs with port-hole slabs has led archaeologists to suggest that the people who lived at Los Millares were part of a stratified, unequal society which was often at war with its neighbours. The Los Millares civilisation was replaced circa 1800 BC, with the arrival of Bronze by the El Argar civilisation, whose successor culture is embodied in the contemporary culture of Vila Nova de São Pedro in nearby Portugal. Other Iberian settlements in this region of a similar age to Los Millares include the settlement of Los Silillos and Neolithic finds at {{Interlanguage link multi|Sierra de Cabrera (Almería)|es|3=Sierra de Cabrera (Almería)|lt=Cabrera}}.[5] Similarities between Los Millares architecture and the step pyramid at Monte d'Accoddi in Sardinia have been noticed. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|authorlink=Barry Cunliffe|author=Cunliffe, Barry|title=Europe Between the Oceans, 9000 BC-AD 1000|year=2008|page=144}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.andalucia.com/province/almeria/millares/home.htm |title=The village of Millares in the Almeria province, Andalucía, Southern Spain |publisher=Andalucia.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-13}} 3. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-link=Peter N. Peregrine|editor1-last=Peregrine|editor1-first=Peter Neal|editor2-link=Melvin Ember|editor2-last=Ember|editor2-first=Melvin |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Prehistory|title=|date=October 1, 2001|publisher=Springer|volume=4 : Europe|location=New York|isbn=0306462583|oclc=60343445|page= }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/qt/los_millares.htm |title=Los Millares - Chalcolithic Site of Los Millares |publisher=Archaeology.about.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106000000/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/qt/los_millares.htm |archivedate=2018-01-06 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17974 |title=Los Silillos - Ancient Village or Settlement in Spain in Andalucía |publisher=Megalithic.co.uk |accessdate=2015-06-13}} External links{{commonscat}}
7 : Archaeological cultures of Southwestern Europe|Chalcolithic cultures of Europe|Archaeological cultures in Spain|Archaeological sites in Spain|Prehistoric sites in Spain|Buildings and structures in Andalusia|Indigenous ancient cities in Spain |
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