| 词条 | Pedro Cevallos |
| 释义 |
|name = Pedro Cevallos |honorific-suffix = OCIII |image = |imagesize = |alt = |caption = |order = |office = Prime Minister of Spain |monarch = Ferdinand VI |term_start = 13 December 1799 |term_end = 3 March 1808 |succeeding = |predecessor = Mariano Luis de Urquijo |successor = Gonzalo O'Farrill |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = Pedro Cevallos Guerra |nationality = Spanish |party = |otherparty = |spouse = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |signature = |signature_alt= |website = |footnotes = |nickname = |allegiance = |branch = |serviceyears = |rank = |unit = |commands = |battles = |awards = |military_blank1 = |military_data1 = |military_blank2 = |military_data2 = |military_blank3 = |military_data3 = |military_blank4 = |military_data4 = |military_blank5 = |military_data5 = |honorific_prefix=The Most Excellent }} Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1760–1840) was a Spanish statesman and diplomat who served as Chief Minister from 1799 to 1808 during the Napoleonic Wars, although Manuel Godoy, a personal favourite of the Spanish King had a vast influence over political affairs. Early lifeCevallos was born in Cantabria in 1760. He was educated at various schools and convents before matriculating at Valladolid University in 1777 to study law. He was very successful, and in 1781 joined the faculty as a professor, remaining there until 1790. Diplomatic and political careerIn 1790 Cevallos switched to the diplomatic service, serving from 1793 to 1795 as First Secretary to the Spanish Embassy in Lisbon. He then returned home and worked for the finance ministry. Chief Minister{{Main|Cevallos Ministry}}In 1799, the Spanish King Charles IV appointed Cevallos as Secretary of State, the de facto Chief Minister, which office he held until 1808.[1] although Cevallos lacked the power and discretion of many of his predecessors as he was forced to share power with the ambitious Manuel de Godoy, a former Secretary, who held no official role but wielded enormous power. French invasion{{further|Peninsular War}}Spain's situation had been precarious since the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars and in 1808 it grew worse. Spain and France had agreed to launch a joint invasion of their traditional and mutual enemy Portugal – but France had planned to betray their Spanish allies and conquer Spain as well. When this dawned on the Spanish elite, they pressed the King to abdicate. His successor, Crown Prince Ferdinand, chose to meet Napoleon in the Pyrenees and try to negotiate a cessation of hostilities, but was seized by the French and taken as a prisoner to France. Cevallos tendered his resignation and fled to London for the remainder of the war, returning to Spain once Madrid had been liberated in 1814. He briefly headed the new government, before retiring. Cevallos died in 1840. {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State(Chief Minister) | before=Francisco de Saavedra | after=Gonzalo O'Farrill | years=1799–1808}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State (Chief Minister) | before=Gonzalo O'Farrill | after=Mariano Luis de Urquijo | years=1808–1808}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State (Chief Minister) | before=José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas | after=Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres | years=1814–1816}}{{succession box | title=Secretary of State (Chief Minister) | before=Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres | after=José García de León y Pizarro | years=1816–1816}}{{s-end}} See also
1. ^{{cite book|author=H. L. Dufour Woolfley|title=A Quaker Goes to Spain: The Diplomatic Mission of Anthony Morris, 1813–1816|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w00FejVRbpkC&pg=PA174|date=25 April 2013|publisher=Lehigh University Press|isbn=978-1-61146-136-7|page=174}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cevallos, Pedro}} 4 : 1760 births|1840 deaths|Spanish diplomats|Government ministers of Spain |
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