| 词条 | Pedro de Candia |
| 释义 |
Pedro de Candia ({{IPA-es|ˈpeðɾo ðe kanˈði.a}}; 1485 - 1542) was a Greek explorer, that under the Spanish Crown became a Conquistador, Grandee of Spain, Commander of the Royal Spanish Fleet of the Sounthern Sea, Colonial Ordinance of Cusco, and then Mayor of Lima [1][2][3] between 1534 and 1535. Specialized in the use of firearms and artillery, he was one of the earliers explorers of Panama and the Pacific coastline of Colombia, and finally participated in the conquest of Peru.[4]{{rp|116,122,128}} He was killed in the Battle of Chupas, (Peru), on 16 September 1542, by Diego de Almagro II.[5]{{rp|115}} Early lifeHe was born on the island of Crete, as a member of an Italian colonial family, which then was part of the Republic of Venice, known as the Kingdom of Candia, in the city od Candia, now Heraklion hence his appellation. He left the island through one of his mother's relatives at the service of the Crown of Aragon, who took him to Italy. During his period in Italy he was training to become a Condottieri and trained in the arms; he fought against the Turks and in the Italian campaigns including the Battle of Pavia,[5]{{rp|114}} before transferring to the Iberian peninsula to serve the Spanish Catholic Queen and King. Pedro was eventually married at Villalpando. Conquest of PeruDuring his first incursion, he went to America with Governor Pedro de los Ríos in 1526 to explore Panama and the Colombian coastline.[5]{{rp|114}} Then sent by the Spanish Crown assigned on a special edict to engage with local natives, he accompanied Diego de Almagro and Francisco Pizarro during their first explorations along the coasts of Peru, and at the landing of Tacamez, north of Guayaquil, by then he had already the command of the artillery. He was one of the "13 Inmortales", the thirteen men that survived and remained in the islands of Gallo and Gorgona with Pizarro. From there, subsequently launched the explorations of the Peruvian coastline and Inca ports, then as part of the special assignment, he undertook to go in person to the Inca towns to engage with the locals and investigate their living conditions. He then visited Tumbez and then accompanied Pizarro to Spain to inform Charles V of their discoveries,[5]{{rp|136}} the emperor made Candia commander-in-chief of artillery of the fleet sent out to conquer Peru.[4]{{rp|122,128–134}} He was present at the defeat and imprisonment of the Inca king Atahualpa, and received a large share of the ransom paid by him. While residing at Cuzco, he made arms and ammunition for Pizarro, who was then fighting against Almagro. After the defeat of Almagro at Battle of Las Salinas, Candia undertook the conquest of Ambaya beyond the Andes, but was unsuccessful, being finally arrested by order of Hernando Pizarro.[6] Disgusted at his treatment, and deserted by his old friends, he then joined the followers of Almagro and, with the aid of sixteen other Greeks, cast the guns that were taken by young Almagro to the battle of Chupas,[7] where Candia had decided to support the local natives by badly performed in the battle, Almagro suspected treason and ordered his troops to kill Candia after attacking him with his own hands. LegacyBased on his special assignment to engage with local natives by the Spanish Crown edict, Candia took special attention to communicating with the Incas and other vassal natives, that helped him to record his greatest discovery of the Golden Temple of the Sun built by Huayna Capac. Subsequently, Pedro de Candia's visits, discovery, and legacy were recorded by the Inca Garcilaso in the GVAINA CAPAC INGA,and by the Spaniard Cieza de León in his records of "Cronicas de Americas"[8]; and later rendered in an images codex book by Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala. Pedro's younger brother, Juan Martín de Candia[9] was assigned by the Spanish Crown to explore the Southern region of the continent alongside Pedro de Valdivia the founder of Santiago, and settled in Chile. Sources
References1. ^James Lockhart , Spanish Peru, 1532-1560: a social history p.g. 142 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.greenapple.gr/articlesdesc.php?id=129 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022117/http://www.greenapple.gr/articlesdesc.php?id=129 |archivedate=26 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^Primera parte de los [https://books.google.com/books?id=GVo-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA366 Comentarios reales que tratan de el origen de los Incas, Madrid 1829 by Garcilaso de la Vega p. 366] 4. ^1 Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, {{ISBN|9781420941142}} 5. ^1 2 3 Leon, P., 1998, The Discovery and Conquest of Peru, Chronicles of the New World Encounter, edited and translated by Cook and Cook, Durham: Duke University Press, {{ISBN|9780822321460}} 6. ^Pizarro (Pedro) Relación del descubrimiento y conquista de los Reynos del peru. (1571) In Bibl. Aut. Esp. (tomo CLVIII, Madrid 1968) 7. ^Inca Garcilaso de la Vega: Historia general del Perú. Tomo I. Lima, Editorial Universo S.A., 1972. 8. ^GKS 2232 4º: Guaman Poma, Nueva crónica del buen gobierno (1615),El episodio de Pedro de Candía, relato del Inca Garcilaso, versión de Cieza de León (Garcilaso [1617], libro I, cap. xiii, 1960 [Bib]: p. 32). Det Kongelige Bibliotek| http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/371/en/text/ 9. ^Pobladores de Chile, 1565-1580, Genealogía de personajes destacados: Juan Martín de Candia, Conquistador de Chile, vecino fundador de Santiago, por Juan Guillermo Muñoz Correa, Ediciones Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, 1989. | https://www.genealog.cl/Apellidos/Candia/ See also
7 : History of Peru|1542 deaths|Spanish conquistadors|1458 births|Spanish military personnel killed in action|Greek explorers|Republic of Venice emigrants to Spain |
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