| 词条 | Lothar Rendulic |
| 释义 |
|honorific_prefix= |name=Lothar Rendulic |birth_date={{birth date|1887|10|23|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1971|1|17|1887|10|23|df=y}} |image=Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1995-027-32A, Lothar Rendulic.jpg |signature=Lothar Rendulic signature.svg |caption= |birth_place=Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary now Austria |death_place=Fraham near Eferding, Upper Austria, Austria |nickname= |allegiance={{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} Austria-Hungary {{flag|Austria}} {{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch= Austro-Hungarian Army Austrian Army Heer |serviceyears= |rank=Oberst (Austria) Generaloberst (Germany) |commands=2nd Panzer Army 20th Mountain Army Army Group Courland Army Group North Army Group Ostmark |unit= |battles=World War II |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |laterwork=}} Lothar Rendulic (23 October 1887 – 17 January 1971)[1][2] was an army group commander in the Wehrmacht during World War II. Rendulic was one of three Austrians who rose to the rank of Generaloberst (colonel general) in the German armed forces. The other two were Alexander Löhr and Erhard Raus. Rendulic was tried at the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials in 1948. Though acquitted of deliberate scorched earth tactics during the Lapland war, he was convicted of killing hostages in Yugoslavia at the Hostages Trial and imprisoned. After his release in 1951 he took up writing. Early life and careerRendulic was born in 1887 in Austria into a military family of Croatian origin (Rendulić).[3] He studied law and political science at universities in Vienna and Lausanne; in 1907, he was admitted to the Theresian Military Academy and commissioned as an officer into the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1910. He served during World War I from 1914 to 1918. Returning to the University of Vienna, Rendulic obtained his doctorate in law in 1920. He joined the newly formed Austrian Armed Forces and in 1932 joined the banned Austrian Nazi Party. From 1934, Rendulic served as a military attaché to France and United Kingdom. In 1936 he was put on the "temporary inactive list" because of his early membership in the Nazi Party. World War IIRendulic was called to the German Army, the Wehrmacht, in 1938, after the annexation of Austria to Germany. He commanded the 14th Infantry Division (23 June – 10 October 1940); the 52nd Infantry Division (1940–1942); and the XXXV Corps (1942–1943), with which he participated in the Battle of Kursk. From 1943 to 1944, Rendulic commanded the 2nd Panzer Army during World War II in Yugoslavia. Early in 1944, the German Chancellor Adolf Hitler ordered Rendulic to devise a plan to capture Yugoslav partisan leader Josip Broz Tito. In the resultant raid on Drvar on 25 May 1944, German paratroopers stormed partisan headquarters in Drvar (western Bosnia) looking for Tito but ultimately failed to capture him, suffering heavy casualties. From June 1944, Rendulic commanded the 20th Mountain Army and all German troops stationed in Finland and Norway. Following the war, Rendulic was accused of ordering the destruction of the Finnish town of Rovaniemi in October 1944, allegedly as revenge against the Finns for making a separate peace with the Soviet Union. In 1945, Rendulic served as the commander-in-chief of Army Group Courland cut off in the Courland Pocket on the Eastern Front; Army Group North in Northern Germany; and Army Group Ostmark, in Austria and Czechoslovakia.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} On 7 May 1945, following the Soviet Prague Offensive, Lothar Rendulic surrendered Army Group Ostmark to the 71st Infantry Division of the U.S. Army in Austria.[4] War crimes trialAfter his surrender, Lothar Rendulic was interned and tried in the Hostages Trial at Nuremberg, because of his involvement in the Wehrmacht's reprisals against civilians in Yugoslavia and the scorched earth policy in Lapland. On 19 February 1948 he was found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to twenty years in prison, although he was cleared of charges concerning the scorching of Lapland. Based upon the recommendations of the "Peck Panel", this sentence was later reduced to ten years, and on 1 February 1951 Rendulic was released from the military prison in Landsberg am Lech in Bavaria. After his release, he worked as an author and was involved in local politics in Seewalchen am Attersee, in the Salzkammergut region of Austria. He died at Fraham near Eferding, Austria, on 17 January 1971. Awards
Works
ReferencesCitations1. ^Lothar Rendulić (1965): Soldat in stürzenden Reichen. Munich: Damm, p. 73 and 292. His birth date is sometimes erroneously mentioned as 23 November 1887. 2. ^Rudolf Neck, Adam Wandruszka, Isabella Ackerl (ed.) (1980): Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik, 1918–1938, Abteilung VIII, 20. Mai 1932 bis 25. Juli 1934. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei, p. 649. 3. ^{{cite book|author=Barry M. Lituchy|title=Jasenovac and the Holocaust in Yugoslavia: analyses and survivor testimonies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvAhAQAAIAAJ|date=6 July 2006|publisher=Jasenovac Research Institute|isbn=978-0-9753432-0-3|p=29}} 4. ^71st Division Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop find the German Army Group South 5. ^1 2 Scherzer 2007, p. 623. 6. ^Thomas 1998, p. 196. 7. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 374. 8. ^Patzwall 2004, p. 13. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }}
|last=Patzwall |first=Klaus D. |year=2004 |title=Das Goldene Parteiabzeichen und seine Verleihungen ehrenhalber 1934–1944—Studien der Geschichte der Auszeichnungen. Band 4 |trans-title=The Golden Party Badge and its Honorary Presentations 1934–1944—Studies of the History of the Awards Volume 4 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-50-2 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
|last=Thomas |first=Franz |year=1998 |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z |language=German |location=Osnabrück, Germany |publisher=Biblio-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7648-2300-9 }}{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box| before=Generalleutnant Peter Weyer| after=Generalleutnant Friedrich Fürst| title= Commander of 14th Infantry Division| years=15 June 1940 – 6 October 1940 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Hans-Jürgen von Arnim| after=Generalleutnant Rudolf Peschel| title= Commander of 52nd Infantry Division| years=10 October 1940 – 1 November 1942 }}{{succession box| before=General der Artillerie Rudolf Kämpfe| after=General der Infanterie Friedrich Wiese| title= Commander of XXXV Army Corps| years=1 November 1942 – 15 April 1943 }}{{succession box| before=Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model| after=General der Infanterie Franz Böhme| title= Commander of 2nd Panzer Army| years=14 August 1943 – 24 June 1944 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Eduard Dietl| after=General der Gebirgstruppen Franz Böhme| title= Commander of 20th Mountain Army| years=25 June 1944 – 15 January 1945 }}{{succession box| before=none| after=Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff| title=Commander of Army Group Courland| years=15 January 1945 – 27 January 1945 }}{{succession box| before=Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner| after=Generaloberst Walter Weiß| title=Commander of Army Group North| years=27 January 1945 – 12 March 1945 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff| after=General Carl Hilpert| title=Commander of Army Group Courland| years=12 March 1945 – 5 April 1945 }}{{succession box| before=General der Infanterie Otto Wöhler| after=Command renamed Army Group Ostmark 30 April 1945| title=Commander of Army Group South| years=6 April 1945 – 30 April 1945 }}{{succession box| before=none| after=dissolved on 8 May 1945| title=Commander of Army Group Ostmark| years=30 April 1945 – 7 May 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{Generaloberst of the Third Reich}}{{Hostages Trial defendants}}{{People of the Yugoslav Front}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Austria | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War I | portal5=World War II | commons=y }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rendulic, Lothar}} 16 : 1887 births|1971 deaths|People from Wiener Neustadt|Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|Nazis|Austrian Nazis convicted of war crimes|Nazi war criminals released early from prison|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Austrian people convicted of crimes against humanity|People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals|Austro-Hungarian Army officers|Austrian people of Croatian descent|German people of Croatian descent |
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