| 词条 | Penaeus esculentus |
| 释义 |
| name = Penaeus esculentus | image = Penaeus esculentus-2009.jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | ordo = Decapoda | subordo = Dendrobranchiata | familia = Penaeidae | genus = Penaeus | species = P. esculentus | binomial = Penaeus esculentus | binomial_authority = Haswell, 1879 [1] }} Penaeus esculentus (the brown tiger prawn, common tiger prawn or tiger prawn)[2] is a species of prawn which is widely fished for consumption around Australia. EcologyJuvenile P. esculentus live in seagrass beds,[3] and reach sexual maturity at a carapace length of around {{convert|32|mm}}.[4] Adults grow up to {{convert|155|mm}} long,[5] and resemble Penaeus monodon, albeit smaller and browner.[6] They live offshore at depths of up to {{convert|200|m}}.[7]DistributionP. esculentus appears to be endemic to Australian waters, being found in warm waters from central New South Wales (near Sydney) to Shark Bay, Western Australia,[8] chiefly at depths of {{convert|16|-|22|m}}.[5] There is little population structure in the species, with only slight differentiation between regions east and west of the Pleistocene land bridge between Australia and New Guinea.[9]Fisheries and aquacultureAround {{convert|500|t}} of brown tiger prawns are caught each year.[8] Fisheries in Torres Strait are worth around A$24 million per year.[10] It is closely related to Penaeus monodon, with which it can hybridise.[11] It has the potential to be used in aquaculture (shrimp farming) since, although it grows less rapidly than P. monodon, it commands higher prices.[12] Taxonomic historyWilliam Aitcheson Haswell arrived in Australia in 1878, and began working in a marine zoology laboratory at Watsons Bay. In 1879, he described Penaeus esculentus in a paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, basing his description on material in the Macleay Museum which had come from Port Jackson and Port Darwin, and noting that P. esculentus is "the common edible prawn of Sydney, and Newcastle, etc.".[13]{{Clear}}References1. ^{{ITIS |id=95625 |taxon=Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879 |accessdate=8 November 2010}} {{Edible crustaceans}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q6491764}}2. ^{{cite book |url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac477e/AC477E09.pdf |chapter=Penaeus (Penaeus) esculentus Haswell, 1879 |title=FAO species catalogue. Vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |format=PDF |author=Lipke B. Holthuis |year=1980 |isbn=92-5-100896-5}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=The biology of the Penaeidae |series=Advances in marine biology |author=W. Dall |publisher=Academic Press |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-12-026127-7 |pages=489}} 4. ^{{cite journal |title=Reproductive dynamics of the tiger prawn Penaeus esculentus, and a comparison with P. semisulcatus, in the north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia |author=P. J. Crocos |journal=Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=91–102 |doi=10.1071/MF9870091 |url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MF9870091.htm}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.sealifebase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=25352 |publisher=SeaLifeBase |title=Penaeus esculentus, brown tiger prawn |date=25 February 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.shrimpnews.com/FarmedSpecies.html |title=Farmed species |publisher=Shrimp News International |accessdate=9 January 2010 |archivedate=25 June 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625023917/http://www.shrimpnews.com/FarmedSpecies.html}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Species Penaeus (Penaeus) esculentus Haswell, 1879 |work=Australian Faunal Directory |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/Penaeus_%28Penaeus%29_esculentus |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |date=21 October 2008}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/research/areas/systems-research/wild-fisheries/outputs/2008/972/status_short/Brown-Tiger-Prawn.pdf |title=Brown Tiger Prawn (Penaeus esculentus) |publisher=New South Wales Department of Primary Industries |format=PDF |year=2008 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^{{cite journal |author1=Robert D. Ward |author2=Jennifer R. Ovenden |author3=Jennifer R. S. Meadows |author4=Peter M. Grewe |author5=Sigrid A. Lehnert |title=Population genetic structure of the brown tiger prawn, Penaeus esculentus, in tropical northern Australia |journal=Marine Biology |volume=148 |issue=3 |year=2006 |doi=10.1007/s00227-005-0099-x |pages=599–607}} 10. ^{{cite book |title=Stock assessment of the Torres Strait Tiger Prawn Fishery (Penaeus esculentus) |author1=Michael F. O'Neill |author2=Clive T. Turnbull |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2006 |pages=83 |url=http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Fisheries_SustainableFishing/StockAssessment-TSTigerPrawn-2006-Complete.pdf |publisher=Queensland Department of Primary Industries |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229032512/http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/documents/Fisheries_SustainableFishing/StockAssessment-TSTigerPrawn-2006-Complete.pdf |archivedate=29 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite journal |journal=Aquaculture |volume=133 |issue=2 |year=1995 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1016/0044-8486(95)00013-R |title=Interspecific hybridization of the tiger prawns Penaeus monodon and Penaeus esculentus |author1=J. A. H. Benzie |author2=M. Kenway |author3=E. Ballment |author4=S. Frusher |author5=L. Trott }} 12. ^{{cite journal |title=Commercial grow-out performance and cost-benefit analysis for farm production of the brown tiger shrimp Penaeus esculentus |author=Sandy J. Keys, Peter J. Crocos & Oscar J. Cacho |doi=10.1080/13657300409380371 |journal=Aquaculture Economics & Management |volume=8 |issue=5/6 |year=2004 |pages=295–308}} 13. ^{{Cite journal |author=William Aitcheson Haswell |year=1879 |title=On the Australian species of Penaeus, in the Macleay Museum, Sydney |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales |volume=4 |series=1 |pages=38–44 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30154#54}} 4 : Penaeidae|Crustaceans described in 1879|Edible crustaceans|Commercial crustaceans |
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