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词条 Peruvians of European descent
释义

  1. History

     Spain  Britain  Cultural legacy 

  2. Geographical distribution

  3. Origins

  4. See also

  5. References

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Peruvians of European descent
|image =
|pop = Self-identified as White:
1,336,931[1] (Census 2017)
|popplace = Mainly in Lima and many other places of the Peruvian coast and the North macroregion (especially in their highlands).
|langs = Predominantly Peruvian Spanish
(Spanish{{·}}Italian{{·}}English{{·}}French and some others languages are spoken by minorities)
|rels = Predominantly Christian (Roman Catholic, followed by Protestantism and Orthodox)
minorities Judaism, Atheist and Agnostic
|related = White Latin Americans{{·}}White Hispanics{{·}}White Brazilians{{·}}White Argentines{{·}}White Colombians{{·}}White Mexicans{{·}}
Spaniards{{·}}Europeans
}}Peruvians of European descent, also known as White Peruvians. An outside estimate gives 15% of the total population.[2] Traditionally, this group has been more dominant in the political, commercial, and diplomatic sectors of Peruvian society. According to the most recent 2017 census where Ethnic Self-identification was used, it makes up about 5.9% of the total population aged 12 yrs and above of Peru.[3]

History

European immigration to Peru began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas and continued during the Republic of Peru in the XIX century with the immigration of people from other countries of Europe (especially, Spain, Italy, Portugal, France, England and Germany, among others).

Spain

{{expand section|date=December 2018}}

Spanish settlement of Peru began in the early 1530s (continuing until 1821 as a colony of Spain) and continues to the present day. Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro founded the first Spanish settlement in Peru, San Miguel de Piura in July 1532.[4]{{rp|27}}[5] According to historian Napoleón Cieza Burga, the conquistador Diego de Almagro founded the second Spanish settlement of Trujillo in November 1534 and one of the first cities in the Americas founded by the Spanish conquistadors.[6]{{rp|125}} calling it "Villa Trujillo de Nueva Castilla" (Trujillo of New Castile) after Trujillo, the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro.[7]

Spanish cultural influence is the most notable of all European cultural groups in Peruvian culture. Spanish heritage has left an indelible mark in the country and signs of this cultural exchange can be found everywhere, from the official language, the dominant Roman Catholic religion, bullfighting, musical genres to the local culinary styles.[8]

Britain

{{expand section|date=February 2019}}

Cultural legacy

Inca Kola was invented by an English immigrant Joseph Robinson Lindley. In 1911, in Rímac, one of Lima's oldest and most traditional neighborhoods, an immigrant English family began a small bottling company under their family name, Lindley. In 1928, the company was formally chartered in Peru as Corporación José R. Lindley S.A., whereupon Joseph R. Lindley became its first General Manager.[9][10][11][12]

Geographical distribution

According to the 2017 census 5.9% or 1.3 million (1,336,931) people 12 years of age and above self-identified as white.[14] There were 619,402 (5.5%) males and 747,528 (6.3%) females. This was the first time a question for ethnic origins had been asked. The regions with the highest proportion of self-identified whites were in La Libertad Region (10.5%), Tumbes Region and Lambayeque Region (9.0% each), Piura Region (8.1%), Callao (7.7%), Cajamarca (7.5%), Lima Province (7.2%) and Lima Region (6.0%).[15][16]

Population by region, 2017[17]
Region Population Percent
La Libertad 144,606 10.5%
Tumbes15,383 9.0%
Lambayeque 83,908 9.0%
Piura 114,6828.1%
Callao 61,5767.7%
Cajamarca 76,9537.5%
Lima}}Lima Province 507,0397.2%
Lima 43,0746.0%
Ica 38,1195.8%
Ancash 49,1755.8%
Arequipa}}Arequipa 55,0934.9%
Amazonas 12,4704.4%
Huánuco 24,1304.4%
San Martín 24.5164.0%
Moquegua 5,7034.0%
Pasco 7,4483.8%
Junín 34,7003.6%
Madre de Dios 3,4443.3%
Tacna 8,6783.2%
Ucayali 8,2832.3%
Ayacucho 9,5162.0%
Huancavelica 5,2222.0%
Loreto 11,8841.9%
Cusco 12,4581.3%
Apurímac 3,0341.0%
Puno 5,8370.6%
PeruPeru 1,336,931 5.9%

Origins

The following are the ethnic backgrounds of the majority of European-descended Peruvians: Spanish, Italian, German (includes Poles due to Partitions of Poland), French, British, Croatian and Irish. Peru is also home to some 2600 Jews whose ancestors came mainly from Germany, Poland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia, among others.[18]

See also

{{Portal|Peru|Europe}}
  • White Latin American
  • Italian Peruvians
  • French Peruvians
  • German Peruvians

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbmXBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&dq=white+peruvians+european+peruvians&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisw76dge_ZAhVJi1QKHdQAA6MQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q=white+peruvians+european+peruvians&f=true|title=We Visit Peru|first=Bonnie|last=Hinman|date=23 December 2010|publisher=Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc.|via=Google Books}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}
4. ^Hemming, J., 1970, The Conquest of the Incas, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., {{ISBN|0151225605}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=The South American Handbook |last=Box |first=Ben |year=2004 |publisher=Footprint Travel Guides |location= |isbn=978-1-903471-70-8 |page=1132 |edition=80 }}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Prescott |first=W. H. |date=2011 |title=The History of the Conquest of Peru |publisher=Digireads.com |ISBN=978-1-420-94114-2}}
7. ^{{cite news|url =http://laindustria.pe/trujillo/local/cieza-fundacion-de-trujillo-no-fue-el-5-de-marzo|title =Napoleón Cieza Burga: Fundación de Trujillo no fue el 5 de marzo|newspaper =La Industria|accessdate =April 27, 2012|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120509105115/http://laindustria.pe/trujillo/local/cieza-fundacion-de-trujillo-no-fue-el-5-de-marzo|archive-date =May 9, 2012|dead-url =yes|df =mdy-all}}
8. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y96z8U4c6IoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=spanish+settlers+in+peru&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiknYnjs5TfAhXxRhUIHcebD44Q6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=spanish%20settlers%20in%20peru&f=false History of How the Spaniards Arrived in Peru: Relasçion de como los ...] - By Titu Cusi Yupanqui, Catherine J. Julien
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://sisviso.plades.org.pe/sisviso/empresas.jsp?idempresaf=F0003|title=Empresas Transnacionales en el Perú: Breve Reseña Histórica|trans-title=Transnational Companies in Peru: Brief Historical Review|language=es|publisher=PLADES|accessdate=January 11, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022043300/http://sisviso.plades.org.pe/sisviso/empresas.jsp?idempresaf=F0003|archivedate=October 22, 2011|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=EMPRESAS TRANSNACIONALES EN EL PERÚ: Nestlé Peru S.A.|accessdate=January 11, 2012|date=|language=Spanish}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.creditosperu.com.pe/pp-corporacion-jose-r-lindley-s-a.php|title=Directorio de las principales empresas y entidades del Perú: Corporacion Jose R. Lindley .S.A.|trans-title=Directory of the main companies and entities of Peru: Corporation Jose R. Lindley .S.A.|language=es|accessdate=January 11, 2012|publisher=CreditosPeru.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731020016/http://www.creditosperu.com.pe/pp-corporacion-jose-r-lindley-s-a.php|archivedate=July 31, 2010|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.incakola.com.pe|title=Corporación José R. Lindley S.A.|publisher=Inca Kola}}
13. ^PPK sobre origen étnico: Ustedes me ven la cara, soy blanco.
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}
16. ^{{cite web|author1=Carlos Miranda Loayza|author2=Daniel Abuhadba Rodrigues|title=Inmigración Europea al Perú|trans-title=European immigration to Peru|language=es|url=http://www.espejodelperu.com.pe/Poblacion-del-Peru/Inmigracion-Europea-al-Peru.htm|work=espejodelperu.com.pe|date=2007|accessdate=18 January 2016}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page = 214 |website = Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/peru|title=Peru|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}
{{White people}}{{Ethnic groups in Peru}}

4 : Peruvian people of European descent|Ethnic groups in Peru|European diaspora in South America|European Peruvian
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