| 词条 | Peter B. Neubauer |
| 释义 |
| name = Peter Bela Neubauer | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date |1913|07|05}} | birth_place = Krems an der Donau, Austria | death_date = {{death date and age |2008|02|15 |1913|07|05}} | death_place = New York City, United States | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | pronounce = | residence = United States | citizenship = | nationality = Austrian | fields = Child psychiatry | workplaces = Bellevue Hospital, New York University, Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = University of Vienna, University of Bern | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = Anna Freud | influenced = | awards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Peter Bela Neubauer (July 5, 1913 – February 15, 2008) was an Austrian-born American child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. LifeThe Neubauer family was part of a small Jewish community in Krems an der Donau, Austria, where Peter was born on July 5, 1913. He received his medical training at the University of Vienna and the University of Bern, in Switzerland, to which he escaped during the Nazi control of Austria. He completed his psychiatric training in Bern in 1941. Neubauer died in New York City on February 15, 2008, at the age of 94.[1] CareerNeubauer immigrated to New York in 1941,[1] where he took a position on the staff of Bellevue Hospital.{{cn|date=January 2017}} In an early influential paper, "The One-Parent Child and His Oedipal Development" (1960), Neubauer indicated that a father's absence could jeopardize child development as seriously as maternal deprivation.[1] He worked closely with Anna Freud at the Hampstead Clinic in London, and from the 1970s to his death, Neubauer was a co-editor of The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, an annual publication of Yale University. He was one of the first to study the emotional impact on children witnessing violence in television and film.[2] Neubauer's published books include Nature's Thumbprint: The New Genetics of Personality,[3] which includes some discussion of his controversial long-term study of adoptive Jewish twins (at least five sets) and triplets (one set) separated during infancy. Neither the children nor their adoptive parents were aware of the real reason they were all being studied or that the children had identical siblings.[4][7] Some of the twins eventually learned that their separation had been deliberate as a "nature versus nurture" experiment by Neubauer. These revelations led to controversy, anger, and ethical comparisons with notorious twin experiments by the same Nazi regime that Neubauer had escaped.[5] Some of the subjects of Neubauer's twin study have sought records, apologies and compensation from the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services, which sponsored the study with additional funding from the National Institute of Mental Health.[6] At least three of the separated siblings apparently committed suicide. The experiment was discussed in the 2007 memoir A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited by Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein, as well as the documentary films The Twinning Reaction (2017)[7][8] and Three Identical Strangers (2018)[9] and the television episode Secret Siblings (2018).[10] At the conclusion of the study in 1980, Neubauer reportedly feared that public opinion would be against the study, and declined to publish it.[11] The records of the study are sealed at the Yale University Library until October 25, 2065.[12] Neubauer served as Director of the Jewish Board's Child Development Center, President of the Association for Child Psychoanalysis,[2] Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at New York University, and Secretary General of the International Association of Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions. References1. ^The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 15 (1960): 286, 287, 293, 295, 297, 298, 299, 302, 303, 305, 308. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Neubauer, Peter B.}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |newspaper=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/03/nyregion/03neubauer.html |title=Peter B. Neubauer, 94, Noted Child Psychiatrist, Is Dead |first=Jeremy |last=Pearce |date=March 3, 2008}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/naturethumbprint00pete |title=Nature's Thumbprint: The New Genetics of Personality |first1=Peter B. |last1=Neubauer |first2=Alexander |last2=Neubauer |publisher=Addison Wesley |year=1990 |isbn=9780201092547}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.greensboro.com/separated-triplets-had-been-studied-since-birth/article_7829747b-ea3c-5016-ba0c-7b254d2e45b0.html |title=Separated Triplets Had Been Studied Since Birth |first=Stephanie |last=Saul |newspaper=Newsday |via=Greensboro News & Record |orig-year=First published October 18, 1997 |date=January 31, 1998}} 5. ^{{cite journal |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6381/1222.full |title=Life in triplicate |first=Gabrielle |last=Kardon |journal=Science |volume=359 |issue=6381 |page=1222 |date=March 16, 2018 |doi=10.1126/science.aat0954 |quote=The irony of a Jewish researcher and a Jewish adoption agency conducting a twin study after the atrocities waged against Jewish people in Nazi Germany is clear.}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.odditycentral.com/news/the-sinister-true-story-of-the-triplets-separated-at-birth-as-part-of-cruel-social-experiment.html |title=The Sinister True Story of the Triplets Separated at Birth as Part of Cruel Social Experiment |first=Ruth |last=Kenny |date=February 5, 2018 |publisher=Oddity Central}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|title=Twins make astonishing discovery that they were separated shortly after birth and then part of a secret study|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/twins-make-astonishing-discovery-separated-birth-part-secret/story?id=53593943|publisher=ABC News|date=March 9, 2018 |quote=Lori Shinseki, a documentarian and ABC News consultant... Of the at least 15 children believed to have been separated from twins or triplets by Louise Wise Services, some have reported serious mental health issues, according to Shinseki. She said it appears that at least three separated siblings committed suicide}} 8. ^[https://www.thetwinningreaction.com The Twinning Reaction: Official Site]. Retrieved July 22, 2018 9. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2018/01/28/a-sundance-film-about-adoption-hurls-questions-at-a-well-known-charity/ "A Sundance film about adoption hurls questions at a well-known charity"]. Washington Post. January 28, 2018. 10. ^{{cite episode |url=https://abc.go.com/shows/2020/episode-guide/2018-03/09-030918-secret-siblings |title=Secret Siblings |series=20/20 |network=ABC News |date=March 9, 2018 |accessdate=January 7, 2019}} 11. ^{{cite interview |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=15629096 |title='Identical Strangers' Explore Nature Vs. Nurture |first1=Paula |last1=Bernstein |first2=Elyse |last2=Schein |interviewer=Joe Richman |publisher=NPR |date=October 25, 2007 |accessdate=January 7, 2019 |quote=Ms. Schein: So the study ended in 1980. And then a year later, New York State began requiring adoption agencies to keep siblings together. Ms. Bernstein: And at that point, they realized public opinion would be so against them, that they wouldn't dare publish the study.}} 12. ^{{cite news |url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2018/10/01/records-from-controversial-twin-study-sealed-at-yale-until-2065/ |title=Records from controversial twin study sealed at Yale until 2065 |first=William |last=McCormack |date=October 1, 2018 |newspaper=Yale Daily News |accessdate=January 7, 2019}} 12 : 1913 births|2008 deaths|American child psychiatrists|Austrian emigrants to the United States|Human subject research in psychiatry|Human subject research in the United States|Jewish psychiatrists|Twin studies|University of Bern alumni|University of Vienna alumni|Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism|New York University faculty |
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