| 词条 | Peter Herbert Jensen |
| 释义 |
Peter Herbert Jensen (28 November 1913, Göttingen – 17 August 1955, Quend) was a German experimental nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the Uranverein. After the war, he was a department director in the high-voltage section of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, and a supernumerary professor at the University of Mainz. EducationFrom 1932 to 1938, Jensen studied at the Universität Göttingen and the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. He received his doctorate in 1938, under Georg Joos at the University of Göttingen.[1] CareerIn 1938, Jensen was a volunteer in Walther Bothe's Institut für Physik at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für medizinische Forschung (KWImF, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research, reorganized and renamed in 1948 the Max-Planck Institut für medizinische Forschung), in Heidelberg. He was a teaching assistant there to Walther Bothe from 1939 to 1946. During this time, Jensen worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranverein (Uranium Club); his work with Walther Bothe, Arnold Flammersfeld, and Wolfgang Gentner appeared as Internal Reports in the Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics) . Jensen completed his Habilitation at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg in 1943. The subject of his Habilitationsschrift was on nuclear cross sections of neutron scattering experiments conducted at the University of Heidelberg.[2] In the latter years of World War II, Berlin scientific organizations moved equipment and personnel out of the city to escape effects of Allied air raids. The Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für Physik (KWIP, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics) had partly evacuated to Hechingen and Haigerloch in southern Germany. The Uranmaschine (nuclear reactor) B 8 (B-VIII) was constructed in Haigerloch. The construction of the reactor utilized 1.5 tons of heavy water, 1.5 tons of uranium, and 10 tons of graphite. The configuration was uranium in the form of cubes (40 chains of 9 cubes each and 38 chains of 8 cubes each) in heavy water surrounded by graphite. The report on the B 8 experiment was written by Fritz Bopp, Erich Fischer, Werner Heisenberg, and Karl Wirtz from the KWIP and Walther Bothe, Peter Jensen, and Oskar Ritter from the KWImF.[3][4][5] From 1946 to 1953, Jensen was Wolfgang Gentner’s teaching assistant at the University of Freiburg; from 1953 to 1954 he was a senior assistant there. From 1947 he was a lecturer, and from 1951 he was a supernumerary professor (nichtplanmäßiger Professor) focusing on the installation of a Van de Graaff generator for experiments in nuclear physics.[6] From 1954, he was a department director in the high-voltage section of the Max-Planck Institut für Chemie - Otto Hahn Institut, in Mainz, and he was a supernumerary professor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.[7] Internal reportsThe following reports were published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), an internal publication of the German Uranverein. The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics.[8][9]
Selected bibliography
Notes1. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Peter Jensen. 2. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Peter Jensen. 3. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 377 and 377n73. 4. ^Bericht über den Versuch B8 in Haigerloch, as cited in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 377n73. 5. ^Walker, 1993, 103 and 152. 6. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Peter Jensen. 7. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Peter Jensen. 8. ^Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte. 9. ^Walker, 1993, 268-274. 10. ^Präparat 38, 38-Oxyd, and 38 were the cover names for uranium oxide; see Deutsches Museum. References
12 : 1913 births|1955 deaths|German physicists|Nuclear program of Nazi Germany|Nuclear history of Germany|University of Göttingen alumni|University of Freiburg alumni|Heidelberg University alumni|University of Freiburg faculty|University of Mainz faculty|20th-century German scientists|20th-century physicists |
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