| 词条 | Peter Mutharika |
| 释义 |
| name = Peter Mutharika | image = Arthur Peter Mutharika 2014 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = | order = | office = President of Malawi | term_start = 31 May 2014 | term_end = | vicepresident = Saulos Chilima | predecessor = Joyce Banda | successor = | office1 = Minister of Foreign Affairs | president1 = Bingu wa Mutharika | term_start1 = 8 September 2011 | term_end1 = 26 April 2012 | predecessor1 = Etta Banda | successor1 = Ephraim Chiume | office2 = Member of Parliament for Thyolo East | term_start2 = 19 May 2009 | term_end2 = March 2014 | predecessor2 = Bapu Khamisa | successor2 = Gerson Timothy Solomoni | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|7|18|df=y}} | birth_place = Chisoka, Thyolo, Malawi | nationality = Malawian | party = DPP {{small|(2004–present)}} UDF {{small|(before 2004)}} | spouse = Christophine (d. 1991) {{Marriage|Gertrude Maseko|2014}} | relations = Bingu wa Mutharika (brother) | children = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=3||Moyenda|Nicolplix|Charlotte}} | alma_mater = University of London {{small|(LL.B)}} Yale University {{small|(LL.M), (J.S.D./PhD)}} | profession = Lawyer | religion = Presbyterianism | blank1 = Awards | data1 = International Jurist Award | signature = | signature_alt = | website = }}Arthur Peter Mutharika ({{IPAc-en|m|uː|ˈ|t|ɑːr|ɪ|k|ə}}{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}; born 18 July 1939)[1][2][3] is a Malawian politician, educator and lawyer who has been President of Malawi since 31 May 2014. Mutharika has worked globally in the field of international justice. He is an expert on international economic law, international law and comparative constitutional law.[4] He informally served as an adviser to his older brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika, on issues of foreign and domestic policy from the onset of his election campaign until the President's death on 5 April 2012.[5] He has also held positions as Minister of Justice and later as Minister for Education, Science and Technology.[5] Mutharika also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012. He was charged to help bridge relations between Malawi and the United Kingdom due to the deterioration of public diplomacy between the two nations after the Cochrane-Dyet controversy.[6] Standing as the candidate of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Peter Mutharika was elected as President of Malawi in the 2014 election.[7] CareerEarly careerMutharika received his law degree from the University of London in 1965.[8] He then received his LL.M and JSD/PhD degrees from Yale University[9] in 1966 and 1969 respectively.[9] As a professor, he has taught at University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Haile Selassie University (Ethiopia), Rutgers University (USA), the United Nations Institute for Training and Research Program for Foreign Service Officers from Africa and Asia at Makerere University (Uganda), and for 37 years[10] at Washington University (USA), and has served as an Academic Visitor at the London School of Economics (UK).[4] He also served as advisor to the American Bar Association's Rule of Law initiative for Africa.[5] Late careerHe assisted as an advisor in the campaign for his brother, Bingu wa Mutharika, for re-election as President in 2009.[5] In 1995 he argued for limiting presidential powers in Malawi.[5] He then entered Malawian politics where he became a Minister in a cabinet he helped to create.[5] He also continued to serve as an adviser to the President until the President's death in 2012 in issues of foreign and domestic policy.[5] ICSID Arbitration TribunalMutharika was part of a three-man tribunal that was arbitrating international cases. In August 2011, Mutharika decided to resign from two international court cases with the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes that he was arbitrating on Zimbabwe where foreign investors sued the Zimbabwean government for breaches of bilateral investment treaties.[11] This was due to concerns about his impartiality because of Bingu Mutharika's close associations with the Mugabe government.[11] Political lifeHe is a President of the DPP party in Malawi. In May 2009, he was elected to the Malawian Parliament, and he was subsequently appointed by his brother Bingu wa Mutharika to the Malawi Cabinet as Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs. He then became Minister of Education, Science and Technology[11] and as of 8 September 2011 he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new "war cabinet".[6] DPP FactionsIn 2010, tensions rose over claims that President Bingu wa Mutharika's planned to name Peter Mutharika, his brother, as the party successor over the sitting vice-president, Joyce Banda.[12] The Vice-President was later fired from the DPP and launched her own party, the People's Party (PP). Some people in DPP resigned over the dismissal of the Vice-President. In line with Malawi's laws, Joyce Banda still remained the country's Vice-President although she was fired from the DPP.[12] DPP Presidential EndorsementIn August 2011, the DPP National Governing Council (NGC) endorsed Peter Mutharika as presidential candidate for the 2014 elections.[13] This announcement came a few days after the 20 July 2011 protests where nationwide strikes were held against Bingu Mutharika's regime.[7] His appointment was endorsed by the DPP NGC since the party did not hold a convention to elect new leaders.[7] The Secretary General, Wakuda Kamanga stated that the decision was made in spite of the protests because the party believed that the "anger would fade".[7] This endorsement also led to the firing of those that were against the nomination process within the party including first vice-president Joyce Banda and second vice-president Khumbo Kachali. US citizenship controversyPeter Mutharika's candidacy for position as a government minister and his eligibility for presidency had been controversial because of speculation and doubt over his Malawian citizenship. A senior Political and Administrative lecturer at the University of Malawi, Mustapha Hussein has stated that his "eligibility should be viewed in the context of his being Malawian, he would be above 35 years of age by 2014, and he has not been convicted of any criminal activities for the past seven years.".[14] Malawi's laws however, do not allow dual citizenship and it was wrongly speculated that he obtained US citizenship whilst living in the US and hence, had renounced his Malawian citizenship as is required by law. Nonetheless, the US embassy in Lilongwe confirmed that he is not a citizen but a Green card holder.[15] The ruling DPP has stated that Mutharika is a Malawian citizen and would run for president as a Malawian citizen and not an American one. There was controversy that, as the holder of a US Greencard, he owes an allegiance to the United States. Therefore, people on the street are of the view that a nation cannot be run by someone who will be spending the minimum of three months in the US annually required to retain permanent resident status.[16] In February 2014, he relinquished his green card and permanent resident status.[17] 2014 electionPeter Mutharika was elected as President in the 2014 election. He was sworn in as President on 31 May 2014.[18] Naming his cabinet in June 2014, Mutharika took charge of the defense portfolio himself. He appointed the veteran economist Goodall Gondwe as Minister of Finance and appointed one of the defeated presidential candidates, Atupele Muluzi, as Minister of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining.[19] As of June 2014, he supported diversification of Malawi's agriculture into other crops besides tobacco.[20] PersonalHe is the younger brother of Bingu wa Mutharika, Malawi's third president. According to his profile published by the DPP, Mutharika is a widower. He was married to Christophine, a Catholic from the Caribbean with whom he has two daughters and a son.[21][22] He is a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church.[23] On 21 June 2014, he married his partner Gertrude Maseko, a member of the Malawi Parliament.[24] Selected Works
AwardsHe is a recipient of the following awards;
International Positions Held
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rulers.org/indexm6.html|title=Index Mp-Mz|website=www.rulers.org|access-date=2018-11-08}} 2. ^https://malawiindependentblog.com/2016/11/17/shocking-things-you-did-not-knwo-about-malawi-president-arthur-peter-mutharika/ 3. ^http://www.governancelink.org/prof-arthur-peter-wa-mutharika/ 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/national/succession-crisis-looms-in-dpp.html |accessdate=4 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809054114/http://www.nyasatimes.com/national/succession-crisis-looms-in-dpp.html |archivedate=9 August 2009 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 http://law.wustl.edu/magazine/Spring2005/05mutharika.pdf 6. ^1 {{dead link|date=June 2014}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.nationmw.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23846:are-voters-ready-for-peter-mutharika&catid=62:national-news&Itemid=59 |title=nationmw.net |publisher=nationmw.net |date=}} 8. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329110804/http://law.wustl.edu/faculty_profiles/documents/mutharika/CVcurrent.pdf |date=29 March 2012 }} 9. ^1 Washington University in St. Louis | Law School 10. ^{{cite web|last=Lussenhop |first=Jessica |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/dailyrft/2013/03/a_peter_mutharika_former_wash.php |title=A. Peter Mutharika, Former Wash. U. Law Professor, Charged with Treason in Malawi [UPDATE] | Riverfront Times |publisher=Blogs.riverfronttimes.com |date=28 March 2013}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Bhebhe |first=Vusimusi |url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/human-rights/51960/mutharika-forced-to-quit-zim.html |title=Mutharika forced to quit Zim land trial |publisher=The Zimbabwean |date=8 July 2010}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/01/malawi-monarchy-making-mutharika |title=Malawi: a monarchy in the making? | Francis Chuma | Comment is free |publisher=guardian.co.uk |date=}} 13. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.malawitoday.com/news/1708-dpp-fires-secretary-general-and-endorses-peter-mutharika-2014 |title=DPP fires Secretary General and endorses Peter Mutharika for 2014 |publisher=www.malawitoday.com |date=1 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326062552/http://www.malawitoday.com/news/1708-dpp-fires-secretary-general-and-endorses-peter-mutharika-2014 |archivedate=26 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^ {{dead link|date=June 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Peter Mutharika is not an American citizen: US Embassy|url=http://mwnation.com/peter-mutharika-american-citizen-us-embassy/|newspaper=The Nation (Malawi)|location=|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051332/http://mwnation.com/peter-mutharika-american-citizen-us-embassy/|archivedate=5 June 2014|df=dmy-all}} 16. ^ {{dead link|date=June 2014}} 17. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |date= 7 February 2014 |title=DPP's Peter Mutharika dumps US Green Card |url=http://www.capitalradiomalawi.com/index.php/component/k2/item/471-dpp-s-peter-mutharika-dumps-us-green-card|newspaper=The Nation (Malawi) |location= |publisher= }} 18. ^Zawadi Chilunga, "'So help me God': Mutharika sworn in as Malawi President, Chilima VP" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601004431/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/05/31/so-help-me-god-mutharika-sworn-in-as-malawi-president-chilima-vp/ |date=1 June 2014 }}, Nyasa Times, 31 May 2014. 19. ^"Malawi's president completes cabinet", AFP, 23 June 2014. 20. ^{{Cite web| title = Can Malawi end tobacco addiction?| work = BBC News| accessdate = 2014-06-18| date = 2014-06-06| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/business-27737018}} 21. ^{{cite news |last=Muheya |first=Green |date=4 April 2014 |title=Peter Mutharika touted cultured character as widower for 30-years |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/04/peter-mutharika-touted-cultured-character-as-widower-for-30-years/ |newspaper=Nyasa Times |location= |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602194926/http://www.nyasatimes.com/2014/04/04/peter-mutharika-touted-cultured-character-as-widower-for-30-years/ |archivedate=2 June 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://law.wustl.edu/registrar/pages.aspx?id=2550 |title=Christophine G. Mutharika International Law Award |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= |publisher=Washington University School of Law}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.faceofmalawi.com/2014/05/mutharika-shuns-national-prayers-opts-for-labourers/#sthash.cjApCTc1.dpbs |title=Mutharika Shuns National Prayers, Opts For Labourers |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=1 May 2014 |website= faceofmalawi.com |publisher= }} 24. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2014-06-21 |title=Mutharika weds partner in colourful ceremony |url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/mutharika-weds-partner-in-colourful-ceremony-1.1706988#.U6WYm_RDuSo |newspaper= |location= |publisher=Independent Online (South Africa) |accessdate=2014-06-21 }} External links{{Sister project links | wikt=no | b=no | n=no |s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no |d=Q7176020| display=Peter Mutharika}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Joyce Banda}}{{s-ttl|title=President of Malawi|years=2014–present}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{Heads of State of Malawi|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mutharika, Peter}} 13 : 1939 births|Alumni of the University of London|Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi) politicians|Foreign Ministers of Malawi|Government ministers of Malawi|Living people|Malawian academics|Malawian politicians|Malawian Presbyterians|Members of the National Assembly of Malawi|Presidents of Malawi|Yale University alumni|Washington University in St. Louis faculty |
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