| 词条 | Petre Țuțea |
| 释义 |
| name = Petre Țuțea | image =Petre Țuțea.jpg | imagesize = | pseudonym = Petre Boteanu | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1902|10|6}} | birth_place = Boteni | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1991|12|3|1902|10|6}} | death_place = Bucharest | occupation = philosopher, economist, essayist, journalist | nationality = Romanian | genre = | subject = | movement = | influenced = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Petre Țuțea ({{IPA-ro|ˈpetre ˈt͡sut͡se̯a|lang}}; 6 October 1902 – 3 December 1991) was a Romanian philosopher, journalist and economist. BiographyEarly years: from Marxism to the Legionary MovementPetre Țuțea was born in the village of Boteni, Muscel region (now in Argeş County). His father, Petre Bădescu, was a Romanian Orthodox priest and his mother, Ana Țuțea, was of peasant stock. After the First World War, Țuțea left his village to finish high school in Cluj and went on to study law at the University of Cluj. After graduating, he obtained a PhD in Administrative Law, also at the University of Cluj.[1] Petre Țuțea moved to Bucharest and in 1932 he founded, together with Petre Pandrea,[2] a leftist newspaper, "Stânga" ("The Left"),[3] that was quickly and forcefully closed by the government. According to an anecdote told by Emil Cioran, Țuțea once went to a newspapers stand and bought the Soviet newspaper Pravda despite not being able to read Russian, then kissed it, showing his appreciation for Marxist ideology.[4] Nevertheless, later in life, he would change his political views, departing from Marxism[5] and later became a devout Orthodox Christian.[1] In 1935 Țuțea and four other writers published a nationalist program of economic and social development, "Manifestul revoluției naționale" ("Manifesto for a National Revolution").[3] Around the same time he met the influential philosopher Nae Ionescu and wrote for his famous newspaper "Cuvântul" along with Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran, Radu Gyr, Mircea Vulcănescu, Mihail Sebastian and other known writers. Țuțea was a member of the Criterion literary society and, like many other fellow members, became a sympathizer of the Iron Guard, a right-wing, ultra-nationalist organization.[6] According to various published interviews, at that time Țuțea reckoned that democracy would have not guaranteed the sovereignty of the Romanian people.[2] He also noted that many Romanian intellectuals had supported the Legionnaires, because "their radical position against the harmful influence of Russian Bolshevism", which he considered to be "controlled by Jews" (see Judeo-Bolshevism).[2] Speaking of the Iron Guard, he notes the main difference between this organization and Fascism or National Socialism was its avowed Christian character.[2] Between 1936 and 1939, he was a director in the Ministry of Trade and Industry, in charge of the Office of Economics Publications and Propaganda, then, he was a director of the research office in the Ministry of Foreign Trade. As the National Legionary State was proclaimed in 1940, he was a member of the Romanian delegation to Moscow for economic negotiations. He returned after the National Legionary State was abolished (after January 1941).[7] As the war against the Soviet Union began, he asked to be sent to the front, but his request was refused.[2] He worked as a director in the Ministry of War Economy and after 23 August 1944, a director of studies in the Ministry of National Economy.[7] Communist eraȚuțea was arrested by the Communist regime in 1949, and was sent, without a trial, to "re-education" (euphemism for forced labor) at Ocnele Mari state prison.[8] He was released in 1953 and, unable to find work, he lived with friends and relatives.[8] Arrested again in 1956, he was tried for "Conspiracy against the State"[5] (common charge against political rivals at the time). He was found guilty and sentenced to 18 years of hard labor, of which he served 8 years in various prisons, ending up in the infamous Aiud prison. After the release of all political prisoners in 1964, Petre Țuțea became famous as a Socratic type of philosopher. He also started to write books and essays, created an original dramatic form, "Theater as Seminar" and produced a philosophical manifesto, "The Philosophy of Nuances" (1969). Due to censorship very little of his work could be published and virtually nothing appeared after 1972. Under permanent observation, Țuțea had many of his manuscripts confiscated by the Romanian secret police, the Securitate. In the late 1980s he started working on a massive unfinished project in five volumes, "Man, a Christian Treatise of Anthropology". After the revolutionAfter the Romanian Revolution, Țuțea was embraced by Romanian intellectuals,[5] receiving frequent requests from journalists and TV crews for interviews while living for one year with a student in theology, Radu Preda. Țuțea spent the last year of his life in a Christian hospice, "Christiana". He died in Bucharest at age 89 before seeing any of his books published. A very popular book (sold in more than 70,000 copies) is 322 de vorbe memorabile, a collection of aphorisms taken from various interviews, ordered alphabetically. In these interviews Țuțea adopted a hyperbolic, rhetorical style and the editor's choices included several controversial topics, such as atheism, Communism and Anti-Semitism. He generally adopts a hardline Orthodox Christian point-of-view, being critical of various groups, including atheists (whom he names "weasels"), communists (naming communism a "social cancer") and Jews (whom he finds responsible for the existence of Anti-Semitism).[9] Bibliography
Notes1. ^1 ""Fara Dumnezeu omul devine un animal rational, care vine de nicaieri si merge spre nicaieri", Ziua, 2 August 2000] 2. ^1 2 3 4 Petre Țuțea, Între Dumnezeu și Neamul meu, Fundația Anastasia, Bucharest, 1992 3. ^1 Popescu, p. xxii 4. ^"Rusia, «cealaltă» Europă – interviu cu Georges NIVAT", Dilema Veche 5. ^1 2 Eric Gilder, Review: "Petre Tutea: Between Sacrifice and Suicide", Anglican Theological Review, Spring 2008 6. ^Marta Petreu, An Infamous Past: E.M. Cioran and the Rise of Fascism in Romania, Ivan R. Dee, Publisher; 2005; {{ISBN|1-56663-607-8}} p.60 7. ^1 Popescu, p. xxiii 8. ^1 Popescu, p. xxiv 9. ^322 de vorbe memorabile ale lui Petre Țuțea, Editura Humanitas Bucharest, 1997 References
External links{{Commons category|Petre Țuțea}}
14 : 1902 births|1991 deaths|Inmates of Aiud prison|People from Argeș County|Romanian dissidents|Romanian essayists|Romanian fascists|Romanian economists|Romanian monarchists|Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church|Romanian philosophers|Romanian anti-communists|20th-century economists|20th-century essayists |
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