| 词条 | Loviisa |
| 释义 |
|name = Loviisa |official_name = {{lang|fi|Loviisan kaupunki}} {{lang|sv|Lovisa stad}} |other_name = |native_name = {{lang|fi|Loviisa}} – {{lang|sv|Lovisa}} |native_name_lang = |nickname = |settlement_type = Town |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Loviisa Kirche v S.JPG |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Loviisa.vaakuna.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Loviisa.sijainti.suomi.2010.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Loviisa in Finland |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |region = Eastern Uusimaa |subregion = Loviisa sub-region |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Town manager |leader_name = Olavi Kaleva |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = Charter |established_date = 1745 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |extinct_title = |extinct_date = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_note = |finnish_official = 1 |swedish_official = 1 |sami_official = |urbanisation = |unemployment = |blank1_name = Climate |blank1_info = Dfb |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |coordinates_type = |coordinates = {{coord|60|27.5|N|026|14|E|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |postal_code = 07900 |area_code = 019 |website = www.loviisa.fi |footnotes = }}Loviisa ({{IPA-fi|ˈloʋiːsa}}; {{lang-sv|Lovisa}} {{IPA-sv|²lʊˌviːsa|}}) is a municipality and town of {{formatnum: {{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|Loviisa}}}} inhabitants ({{#time: j F Y|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|sourcedate}} }}) on the southern coast of Finland. About 43 per cent of the population is Swedish-speaking. The municipality covers an area of {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/total area|Loviisa}}|km2}} of which {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/waters area|Loviisa}}|km2|abbr=on}} is water. The population density is {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population density|Loviisa|round=2}}|PD/km2}}. The neighboring municipalities of Liljendal, Pernå and Ruotsinpyhtää were consolidated with Loviisa on January 1, 2010. Loviisa was founded in 1745, as a border fortress against Russia. Most of the fortifications have been preserved. Loviisa was originally called Degerby, but king Adolf Frederick of Sweden renamed the city after his spouse Lovisa Ulrika after visiting the town in 1752. Loviisa is the site of two of Finland's nuclear reactors, two VVER units each of 488 MWe, at the Loviisa Nuclear Power Plant. The other operating reactors are at the Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant. PoliticsLoviisa is led by a town council with 35 members. The Swedish People's Party gained majority in the municipal election in 2017.
International relations{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland}}Twin towns — sister citiesLoviisa is twinned with:
History and sightsThe building of the sea fortress of Svartholm, located to the south from the city, was begun at the same time as the fortification of Loviisa. The purpose of the sea fortress was to protect the city from the sea, as well as to offer safe haven for the Swedish coastal navy. A joint Anglo-French navy unit destroyed the battlements of the island during the Crimean War. No longer fit for use the fortress was left to decay. As of the 1960s the fortress has been restored led by the National Board of Antiquities. The restoration was brought to a conclusion in time for the 250th jubilee of the fortress in 1998. During the summers various programmes are arranged on the island for both locals and tourists. The guided tours, an exciting adventure for juniors and a restaurant lure both boaters and people travelling by the ferry boat, which does regular traffic between Loviisa centre and Svartholm. Loviisa is also renowned for its Old Town. The Old Town was spared from the great fire of 1855. An annex of the Degerby estate, dating from the 17th century, is located in the Old Town. The building is one of the oldest surviving wooden houses in Finland. In Loviisa there is also a high society clubhouse, the only one of its kind in Finland spared from fires. Having been restored it now is a library/mediatheque. The first church in Loviisa was destroyed during the fire. The current Neo-Gothic church was inaugurated in 1865. The German Brandenstein division landed in Valko in Loviisa on April 7, 1918. The division advanced as far as to Lahti, before returning to Loviisa in order to leave the country on December 16, 1918, as Germany had lost World War I. The summers are lively in Loviisa. The most popular summer events are the Historical Houses of Loviisa (an event for traditional house building and renovating), the Sibelius Days, the Loviisa Day on August 25 and the King Arrives in Loviisa (a weekend in the spirit of the 18th century), Small Ships' Race (festival for traditional small sailing ships), the Peace Forum and the horse trotting contests IndustryLoviisa boasts many companies useful for the local tourism. The harbour in Valko and the Loviisa Power Plant bring industry to Loviisa. There is also an industrial park in the Uusikaupunki district, housing many smaller companies, for instance mechanical shops and retail sellers of spare parts. There is a harbour for cargoes such as timber, bulk and parcelled goods in the southern city district of Valko. From the harbour there is a traffic connection to Route 7, the major highway between Helsinki and St Petersburg. Loviisa centre is located immediately by Route 7, equally close to Helsinki and the Russian border. There is also a train connection from the harbour to Lahti, from where the carriages can reach other destinations in the country. The route into the harbour is 9.5 meters deep. ReferencesExternal links{{commonscat-inline|Loviisa}}
9 : Loviisa|Cities and towns in Finland|Populated coastal places in Finland|Municipalities of Uusimaa|Municipalities of Eastern Uusimaa|Grand Duchy of Finland|Populated places established in 1745|Port cities and towns in Finland|1745 establishments in Sweden |
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