| 词条 | Lower Neches Valley Authority |
| 释义 |
| name = Lower Neches Valley Authority | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | alt = | caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Southeast Texas counties Total: Jefferson, Hardin, Tyler Partial:Jasper, Liberty, Chambers | coords = | type = | inflow = Neches River Pine Island Bayou | rivers = | outflow = Irrigation canals | catchment = | basin_countries = | agency = | designation = | date-built = {{Start date|1933}} | length = {{convert|400|miles|km|abbr=on}} | width = | area = {{convert|700|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = | volume = {{convert|1|e9USgal/day|L/day|abbr=on}} maximum | residence_time = | salinity = | shore = | elevation = | sections = | trenches = | cities = | website = {{URL|http://www.lnva.dst.tx.us/}} | reference = [1] }} The Lower Neches Valley Authority was established in 1933 by the state legislature as a district to store, control, conserve, and utilize the water of the lower Neches River valley in Texas. The LNVA, the second river district created by the state of Texas, is currently one of 23 river districts in the state. It includes all of Jefferson, Hardin, and Tyler counties and parts of Jasper, Liberty, and Chambers counties.[1] GovernanceThe LNVA is governed by a board of nine directors appointed by the Texas Water Development Board.[1] Until 1943 the authority was without any facilities to produce revenue. Since 1943 the irrigation system has been renovated many times. It supplies water to the cities (except Beaumont), industry, and rice growers of Jefferson County and portions of Chambers and Liberty counties. The LNVA has also cooperated with the United States Army Corps of Engineers in planning, financing, and constructing several large multipurpose dams on the Neches River and Angelina River. Other projects sponsored by the authority include the construction of a permanent saltwater barrier on the Neches River, a comprehensive water-quality management program, and the construction of boat ramps and other recreational facilities on area waterways.[1] The systemCanalsThe LNVA system includes 400 miles of canals covering a 700 square mile area. The canals deliver fresh water to "...eight cities and water districts, 26 industries, and over 100 irrigated farms..." Water is drawn from the lower Neches River and Pine Island Bayou in north Beaumont, with 21 large pumps delivering between 20,000 and 110,000 gallons of water a minute; it has a capability of delivering more than one billion gallons of water a day.[1] Salt water barrierPrior to construction of the permanent barrier, the LNVA installed temporary barriers across Pine Island Bayou and the Neches River upstream of their confluence 36 times between 1940 and 2000, to prevent contamination of their waters from salt water. A permanent saltwater barrier across the Neches River is located downstream about one-half mile from the confluence of Pine Island Bayou and the Neches River. It is about eight miles north of Beaumont. The barrier, constructed between 2000 and 2003, prevents saltwater contamination during periods of low river flows. The permanent saltwater barrier project had a budgeted cost of $50 million, with the federal government paying 75% of the cost and the LNVA responsible for the remaining 25%.[2] The barrier, over 1,000 feet long, includes a 650-foot-long overflow barrier; five forty-five foot wide tainter gates; and a fifty-six foot wide navigation lane regulated by two thirty-foot sector gates.[3][4] It also allows the conservation of 200,000 acre-feet per year of freshwater upstream in Sam Rayburn Reservoir.[3] The salt water barrier project also provides recreational opportunities. Public launching ramps are located on the Jefferson County side of the barrier. The area has a walking trail and playground. The state of Texas created its sixty-first (61st) canoe paddling trail in 2014, with the trail head at the salt water barrier. It progresses north into waters included in the Big Thicket National Preserve.[5] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=LNVA|url=http://www.lnva.dst.tx.us/|publisher=Lower Neches Valley Authority|accessdate=November 10, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=H.B. Zachery wins $33.8 mil. pact with the U.S. Army Corps|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/stories/2000/10/23/story4.html|work=San Antonio Business Journal|accessdate=November 10, 2015|date=October 22, 2000}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Neches River Saltwater Barrier|url=http://www.cooperativeconservation.org/viewproject.asp?pid=734|publisher=Cooperative Conservation America|accessdate=November 11, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Port of Beaumont|url=http://healthytexasports.org/communities/port-beaumont|publisher=Healthy Texas Ports|accessdate=November 10, 2015|quote=From 1934-1993 temporary saltwater barriers were installed in 26 of the years. A permanent barrier’s cost was estimated at $74.7 million by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers showing a clear benefit. In 2003, a saltwater barrier was completed about eight miles north of Beaumont. The barrier, with its adjustable gates, keeps salt water from moving up the river during periods of low flows.}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=61st Texas paddling trail unveiled on Neches River|url=http://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/61th-Texas-paddling-trail-unveiled-on-Neches-River-5738523.php#item-38496|publisher=Hearst Newspapers II, LLC|accessdate=November 10, 2015}} External references
4 : Government of Texas|Canals in Texas|Irrigation canals|River authorities of Texas |
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