| 词条 | Philip Henry Muntz |
| 释义 |
| name = Philip Henry Muntz | image = Philip Henry Muntz, Vanity Fair, 1875-08-07.jpg | alt = | caption = "Birmingham". Caricature by Ape published in Vanity Fair in 1875. | constituency_MP = Birmingham | parliament = United Kingdom | term_start = 1868 | term_end = 1885 | alongside = {{unbulleted list | John Bright | George Dixon to 1876 | Joseph Chamberlain from 1876}} | predecessor = {{unbulleted list| John Bright | George Dixon}} | successor = Constituency abolished | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1811|1|21}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1888|12|25|1811|1|21}} | death_place = Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, England | resting_place = Leamington Cemetery | party = Liberal | otherparty = Radicals | education = Shrewsbury School | relatives = George Frederic Muntz (brother) }}Philip Henry Muntz (21 January 1811 – 25 December 1888)[1] was a British businessman and Liberal politician.[2] He was a leading figure in the politics of the rapidly growing industrial town of Birmingham in the mid-nineteenth century.[3] Early life and familyThe Muntz family originated in modern Lithuania.[3] Philip Henry was the son of Philip Frederick Muntz, who had moved from France to Birmingham in the late eighteenth century, and established the metal working business of Muntz & Purden.[3] He married his business partner's daughter Catherine and made his residence at Selly Hall, Selly Oak, Worcestershire.[4] Philip Henry was the youngest of the couple's children, born in the same year as his father's death.[4] Following education at Shrewsbury School, Muntz entered business as a merchant in Birmingham.[2] In 1831 he married Wilhelmine D'Olhofen, daughter of the finance minister of the Grand Duchy of Baden.[2] ChartismTogether with his elder brother, George Frederic Muntz, Philip was active in Radical politics. In August 1838 they addressed a large Chartist meeting was held near Birmingham. The two brothers were selected as part of an eight-person delegation to represent the English Midlands at a "general convention of the industrial classes" in London, which was to present the People's Charter to parliament.[5] Mayor of BirminghamIn March 1837 Muntz organised a meeting to decide on whether Birmingham should apply for a charter of incorporation under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. The meeting unanimously decided to begin the process of petitioning for a charter, which was granted in October of the following year.[3][6] Birmingham was duly incorporated as a municipal borough in November 1838, and Muntz was elected as an alderman on the new town council. In 1839 he was elected as the second mayor of the borough, holding the office for two terms.[2][7] The new town council was dismissed by many Radicals who saw it as a creation of the rival Whigs. In 1839 riots broke out in the Bull Ring, leading to the government taking over policing in Birmingham and creating a force under the control of the Home Office. The position of the Radicals on the council was undermined by the militant followers of Feargus O'Connor who advocated resisting the "government police" by armed means. When Muntz tried to chair a meeting of ratepayers on the policing situation in November 1839, he was booed and jeered.[8][9] He remained a member of the town council until 1856.[7] Railway interestsBy the 1840s numerous railways were being promoted to connect the West Midlands conurbation to the rest of the country. In 1845 Muntz formed part of the committee promoting the South Staffordshire Junction Railway, in February 1846 he was appointed auditor of the Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway and later in the year he became chairman of the Birmingham and Oxford Junction Railway. He was also a director of the Stratford-on-Avon Railway.[10][11][12][13] Parliamentary politicsMuntz's brother, George, was Radical member of parliament Parliamentary Borough of Birmingham from 1840 to his death in 1857. In 1859 a general election was called. The election was the first at which a single Liberal Party uniting the Whigs, Radicals and Peelites, stood. Muntz was appointed the chairman of the committee formed to ensure the re-election of the two Liberal MPs, John Bright and William Scholefield, for the two-seat constituency.[14] Under the Second Reform Act of 1867, Birmingham's parliamentary representation was increased to three MPs. The change came into effect at the next general election in 1868, at a meeting of the Birmingham Liberal Association Muntz was chosen to contest the seat along with the two sitting MPs Bright and George Dixon (who had replaced Scholefield in 1857).[15] The Birmingham Daily Post noted the candidacy was "approved by a large section of the manufacturers on other than political grounds. Mr Muntz, as a manufacturer himself, will represent the industrial interest of the town, which is assuredly of sufficient importance to deserve a guardian in the new Parliament".[16] The Liberal Election Committee instituted a "Vote As You're Told" arrangement, successfully manipulating the limited voting system to elect three Liberal MPs.[17] In April 1870 Muntz was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Over-Regulation Purchase System.[18] A royal warrant of 1866 had regulated payments paid for promotion and received on retirement from the British Army: the commission was tasked with examining whether payments above these levels were being made and by whom.[19] [20]Muntz was re-elected on in 1874 and 1880, retiring due to age and ill health before the 1885 general election.[21] Later lifeIn October 1888 Birmingham Corporation celebrated the golden jubilee of the town's incorporation. Muntz was granted the freedom of the borough in recognition of his efforts to secure incorporation, and as the only surviving member of the first town council.[22] The resolution was passed unanimously by the town council "for the invaluable privileges he had conferred upon this community through his and others' exertions, and in recognition of his subsequent services in the discharge of the duties of councillor, alderman, mayor, justice of the peace and representative of the borough of Birmingham in Parliament".[23] Muntz suffered a "paralytic seizure" on 5 December 1888, from which he was slowly recovering when he suffered a second attack on Christmas Eve and died at his home at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire of the morning of Christmas Day.[7] He was buried at Leamington Cemetery on 28 December, and was survived by two sons.[24] References1. ^{{Rayment-hc|b|3|date=March 2012}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title=Debrett's Illustrated House of Commons and the Judicial Bench |last=Mair |first=Robert Henry |year=1881 |publisher=Dean & Son |location=London |page=169 |url=https://archive.org/download/debrettshouseo1881londuoft/debrettshouseo1881londuoft_bw.pdf |accessdate=12 May 2009 }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cellande.co.uk/park/history.htm |title=History of Muntz Park |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Friends of Muntz Park and Selly Park Rec. |accessdate=25 January 2010}} 4. ^1 {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Muntz, George Frederick |last=Timmins|first=Samuel|authorlink=Samuel Timmins}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Grand Radical Demonstration |author= |newspaper=The Northern Star |date=11 August 1838 }} 6. ^{{cite news |title=A Birmingham Jubilee |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=1 March 1887 }} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |title=Death of Mr Philip Henry Muntz |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=26 December 1888 }} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Birmingham Government Police |author= |newspaper=Morning Chronicle |date=27 November 1839 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22972 |title=Political and Administrative History: Political History from 1832 |author=W B Stephens (editor) |year=1964 |work=A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7: The City of Birmingham |publisher=British History Online |accessdate=25 January 2010}} 10. ^{{cite news |title=South Staffordshire Junction Railway |author= |newspaper=Manchester Times |date=30 August 1845}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Railway News |author= |newspaper=Daily News |date=2 March 1846 }} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Railway Companies |author= |newspaper=Liverpool Mercury |date=23 October 1846 }} 13. ^{{cite news |title=Stratford-on-Avon Railway |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=24 February 1864 }} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Election Addresses |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=20 April 1859 }} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Summary of This Morning's News |author= |newspaper=Pall Mall Gazette |date=8 July 1868}} 16. ^{{cite news |title=Industry in Birmingham |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=15 July 1868 }} 17. ^{{cite news |title=The Borough Members and Their Constituents |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=13 January 1870}} 18. ^{{London Gazette |issue=23605 |date=8 April 1870 |page=2096 }} 19. ^{{cite news |title=Naval and Military News |author= |newspaper=Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle |date=13 April 1870}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16912 |title=List of commissions and officials: 1860–1870 |author= |year=1984 |work=Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 9: Officials of Royal Commissions of Inquiry 1815–1870 |publisher=British History Online |accessdate=25 January 2010}} 21. ^{{cite news |title=The Representation of Birmingham. Retirement of Mr Muntz |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=16 June 1884}} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Jubilee of the Birmingham Corporation |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=12 October 1888}} 23. ^{{cite news |title=The Jubilee of the Birmingham Corporation |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=24 October 1888}} 24. ^{{cite news |title=Funeral of Mr. P. H. Muntz |author= |newspaper=Birmingham Daily Post |date=29 December 1888}} External links
George Dixon}}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Birmingham | years = 1868–1885 | with = John Bright | with2 = George Dixon to 1876 | with3 = Joseph Chamberlain from 1876 }}{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Muntz, Philip Henry}} 9 : 1811 births|1888 deaths|People from Birmingham, West Midlands|English businesspeople|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|UK MPs 1868–74|UK MPs 1874–80|UK MPs 1880–85|People educated at Shrewsbury School |
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