| 词条 | Philornis downsi |
| 释义 |
| image = Philornis downsi adult.jpg | image_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Diptera | familia = Muscidae | genus = Philornis | species = P. downsi | binomial = Philornis downsi | binomial_authority = Dodge & Aitken, 1968[1] | synonyms = *Neomusca downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968[1] }}Philornis downsi is a species of fly (Diptera, Muscidae) that was first recorded in Trinidad and Brazil in the 1990s.[2] It has been accidentally introduced to the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Adult P. downsi feed on fruit. Eggs are laid in bird nests and hatch into parasitic larvae which reside in the nest material and emerge at night to feed both internally and externally on the blood and flesh of developing nestlings.[3] The parasite is causing significant mortality in Darwin's finch nestlings and threaten the survival of some rarer species such as the mangrove finch (Camarhynchus heliobates) and the medium tree finch (C. pauper).[4][5][6][7] In order to protect the threatened finch populations, insecticide-laced cotton has been supplied as nesting material for the finches, with the results being highly successful in combating P. downsi infestations.[8] References1. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Dodge|first1=H. Rodney|last2=Aitken|first2=Thomas H. G.|title=Philornis Flies from Trinidad (Diptera: Muscidae)|journal=Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society|date= 1968|volume=41|issue=1|pages=134–154|jstor=25083688|publisher=Kansas (Central States) Entomological Society}} 2. ^Dudaniec RY, Fessl B & Kleindorfer S. (2007) Interannual and interspecific variation on intensity of the parasitic fly, Philornis downsi, in Darwin's finches. Biological Conservation, 139, 325-332. 3. ^O’Connor JA, Dudaniec RY, Kleindorfer S (2010) Parasite infestation in Galapagos birds: contrasting two elevational habitats between islands. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 26: 285-292. {{doi|10.1017/S0266467409990678}} 4. ^O’Connor JA, Sulloway FJ, Robertson J, Kleindorfer S (2010) Philornis downsi parasitism is the primary cause of nestling mortality in the critically endangered Darwin’s medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper). Biodiversity and Conservation. 19:853-866. {{doi|10.1007/s10531-009-9740-1}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dudaniec|first1=R. Y.|last2=Gardner|first2=M. G.|last3=Donellan|first3=S.|last4=Kleindorfer|first4=S.|title=Genetic variation in the invasive avian parasite, Philornis downsi (Diptera, Muscidae) on the Galápagos archipelago.|journal=BMC Ecology|volume=8|pages=13|doi=10.1186/1472-6785-8-13}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dudaniec|first1=R. Y.|last2=Hallas|first2=G.|last3=Kleindorfer|first3=S.|title=Blood and intestinal parasitism in Darwin's finches: negative and positive findings|journal=Acta Zoologica Sinica|date=2005|volume=51|pages=507–512}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dudaniec|first1=R. Y.|last2=Kleindorfer|title=The effects of the parasitic flies Philornis (Diptera, Muscidae) on birds.|journal=Emu|date=2006|volume=106|pages=13–20|doi=10.1071/mu04040}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/6904/20140505/darwins-finches-threatened-by-blood-sucking-maggots-get-a-helping-hand.htm|title = Darwin's Finches, Threatened by Blood-Sucking Maggots, Get a Helping Hand|date = 2014-05-05|website = Nature World News|access-date = 2016-05-24}}
External linksGlobal Invasive Species Database: Philornis downsi
4 : Muscidae|Parasites of birds|Parasitic flies|Ectoparasites |
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