“Picasso and the Ballets Russes”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The idea for the set design of Parade came from the decorations at a small vaudeville theater in Rome as well as the décor of the Teatro dei Piccoli, a marionette theater. The original model was crafted in a cardboard box. Picasso realized immediately that he liked using vivid colors for his sets and costumes because they registered so well with the audience. While the sets, costumes and music by Erik Satie were well received by critics, the ballet in general was panned when it first premiered and played for only two performances. When it was revived in 1920, however, Diaghilev said, "Parade is my best bottle of wine. I do not like to open it too often."^[4]

The writer Jean Cocteau, who introduced Picasso to Diaghilev,^[5] wrote the scenario for Parade, and was Picasso’s neighbor in Rome said, "Picasso amazes me every day, to live near him is a lesson in nobility and hard work ... A badly drawn figure of Picasso is the result of endless well-drawn figures he erases, corrects, covers over, and which serves him as a foundation. In opposition to all schools he seems to end his work with a sketch." Additionally, Guillaume Apollinaire, who wrote the program notes for Parade, described Picasso's designs as "a kind of surrealism" three years before Surrealism developed as an art movement in Paris.^[6]

Picasso's sets and costumes for the Ballets Russes are now considered symbols of "the progressive art of their time, and [they] have only become more celebrated and better appreciated over the past century." ^[7] Nevertheless, according to his biographer, John Richardson, "Picasso's Cubist followers were horrified that their hero should desert them for the chic, elitist Ballets Russes." ^[8] It was the onset of World War I that prompted him to leave Paris and live in Rome, where the Ballets Russes rehearsed. He also was recovering from two failed love affairs at this time. Soon after he arrived in Rome, however, he met ballerina Olga Khokhlova, and married her in 1918. He remained married to her until her death in 1955, although they separated by the late 1920s.^[9] He also became friends with Massine while in Rome; they were both interested in Spanish themes, women, and modern art.

Picasso also became friends with Igor Stravinsky during this time, though he found Diaghilev to be possessive and did not become close to him. Picasso was even quoted as saying that he "felt a desperate need to travel back to the land of human beings" after spending time with Diaghilev. Diaghilev, however, valued Picasso's work, and the drop curtain he created for Le Train Bleu – the painting of which was completed not by Picasso, but by Prince Alexander Schervashidze – was deemed so impressive that Diaghilev used it as the logo for the Ballets Russes.^[4]

Other theater work

In 1924, Picasso designed the sets and costumes for Massine's Mercure, which was produced not by Diaghilev, but by Comte Étienne de Beaumont with music by Satie.^[10] Picasso did not design for the theater again until 1946, when he did the curtain design for Roland Petit's Le Rendez-vous at the Ballets des Champs-Élysées.^[5]

Further reading

Olivier Berggruen, ed. Picasso: Between Cubism and Classicism, 1915–1925 (Skira, 2018). {{ISBN|8857236935}}

References

1. ^Pablo Picasso, 1917, Harlequin, Museo Picasso, Barcelona
2. ^Scenes from the Ballet La Boutique Fantastique, 1919 (pen on paper), Bridgemanart
3. ^Au, Susan. Ballet and Modern Dance. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 2002. p. 105-106
4. ^¹{{cite book| last = Richardson| first = John| title = A Life of Picasso The Triumphant Years, 1917-1932| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wZB5INGODCUC&pg=PA262| year = 2008| publisher = Random House LLC| isbn = 978-0-307-49649-2| page = 262 }}
5. ^¹Ballets Russes, The Art of Costume, National Gallery of Australia
6. ^Richard Friswell, "Washington's National Gallery of Art with Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, 1909–1929", Artes Magazine, June 29, 2013
7. ^Scene design by Pablo Picasso for Le Tricorne, Harvard Libraries
8. ^Portraits of a Marriage, Vanity Fair
9. ^The Women of Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Saper Galleries
10. ^[https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/766416?uid=3739256&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21103236219191 Robert Orledge, "Erik Satie's Ballet Mercure (1924): From Mount Etna to Montmartre", Journal of the Royal Musical Association, 123, 1998]