| 词条 | Lubicon Lake Indian Nation |
| 释义 |
| official_name = Lubicon Lake Nation | other_name = | native_name = Muskotew Sakahikan Enowuk | nickname = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{CAN}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = {{AB}} | subdivision_type2 = Census division | subdivision_name2 = Division No. 17 | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | government_type = First Nations Council | leader_title =Chief | leader_name =Bernard Ominayak | leader_title1 = Councillor | leader_name1 = Bryan Laboucan | leader_title2 = Councillor | leader_name2 = Larry Ominayak | leader_title3 = Councillor | leader_name3 = Dwight Gladue | leader_title4 = Councillor | leader_name4 = Cynthia Tomlinson | leader_title5= Councillor | leader_name5= Dwight Sawan | established_title = Established | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | population_as_of = 2012 | population_footnotes = | url= | publisher= | date= | author= | accessdate= | population_note = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone =MST | utc_offset = -7 | timezone_DST = MDT | utc_offset_DST = -6 | coordinates = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = |blank_name = Highways |blank_info = Highway 2 Highway 684 Highway 743 Highway 744 |blank1_name = Waterways |blank1_info = Peace River Smoky River Heart River Pat's Creek. | postal_code_type = Postal code span | postal_code =T8S 1S5 | area_code = 780 | website = - Lubicon Lake Nation Website | footnotes = | treaty=Treaty 8 }}{{Contains Canadian text}} The Muskotew Sakahikan Enowuk or Lubicon Lake Nation is a Cree First Nation in Northern Alberta, Canada. They are commonly referred to as the Lubicon Lake Nation, Lubicon Cree, or the Lubicon Lake Cree. This should not be confused with the Lubicon Lake Band #453, which is a separate entity created by the Government of Canada by Order in Council in 1973. Lands claim disputeThe Nation has been embroiled with the Government of Canada regarding disputed land claims for decades. In 1899, a government party visited northern Alberta for the arranged large-scale surrender of the Lubicon lands.[1] However, many of the Lubicon people were never contacted and continued to live in their traditional ways, by hunting and gathering on the land.[1] During the oil rush of the 1970s, the province of Alberta leased areas of the Lubicon lands for resource exploration and exploitation.[1] The oil, gas, and lumber industry on Lubicon territory has caused damaging repercussions on the natural environment, the Lubicon culture, and people.[2] Amnesty International has commented on the struggle of the Lubicon by issuing a report imploring the Canadian government to respect the land rights of the Lubicon. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights has found Canada in violation of article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. They have repeated their call for Canada to take immediate action to avoid irreparable damage. This call was first made by the UN Human Rights Committee in 1990 in a case known as Lubicon Lake Band v Canada, and was repeated in 2003 and 2006. The struggle has been described in a book, Last Stand of the Lubicon Cree, by John Goddard. Repeated attempts to gerrymander and politically overthrow Lubicon leadership, especially that led by internationally renowned Chief Bernard Ominayak, have been organized by the Government of Canada and the Province of Alberta, and documented by the Lubicon Lake Nation.[3][4] Land agreementOn October 24, 2018, the Lubicon Lake Band reached a land claim agreement with the province of Alberta. Band Chief Billy Joe Laboucan met with Alberta Premier Rachel Notley and federal Minister of Indigenous Relations Carolyn Bennett for the signing. The agreement includes a land allocation of around {{convert|246|km2}} of Crown land in the area of Little Buffalo, northern Alberta, to the Lubicon Lake Band, and $95 million in financial compensation from the federal government. The province of Alberta is providing an additional $18 million, which will go toward the construction of a new post-secondary school for 682 residents who have long struggled with poverty and substandard housing. There will also be developments on infrastructure like housing, roads, and utility services.[5][6] Current chief and leadership issuesThe current Chief of the Muskotew Sakahikan Enowuk or Lubicon Lake Nation is Chief Bernard Ominayak. The Treaty 8 Nations of Alberta do not recognize the Nation as an Indian Band.[7] Chief Bernard Ominayak has been the chief of the small First Nation since the 1970s. Prior to this, Chief Walter Whitehead served the Lubicon before stepping aside to allow Ominayak to run for the position. The Nation has 5 elected Councillors: Brian Laboucan, Jason Laboucan, Joe Auger, Timothy Sawan, and Troy Laboucan. Since the 1980s, the Government of Canada has capitalised on divisions and dissent within the Nation and has recognised groups of dissenting Lubicons as new First Nations, such as the Woodland Cree First Nation and the Loon River Cree Nation. More recent attempts include attempts by Billy Joe Laboucan to create the Little Buffalo Cree Band in 1999 and 2004 following a failed election bid to lead the Lubicon Lake Nation. Steven Noskey led a similar dissenting council created in 2009. The Lubicon Lake Nation Council continued to be led by Chief Bernard Ominayak, who was unanimously re-elected and asked to hold the position "Chief for Life" by motion of the entire Lubicon membership in attendance; Ominayak refused. On the week of July 23, 2012, Noskey notified the Canadian government that he was stepping down, leaving Ominayak as the sole chief for the nation. This leadership resolution was ratified in writing by the majority of Lubicon citizens.[8] In 2015, the Lubicon Lake Nation Government held a by-election to fill the vacant seat left by long-time Councillor Alphonse Ominayak, who had died unexpectedly. Ominayak is remembered for his tireless work to protect Lubicon land, environment, and way of life in the face of massive oil and gas development.[9][10] Ominayak additionally contributed greatly to the international human and indigenous rights work started by Chief Bernard Ominayak at the United Nations Human Rights Committee.[11] In the December 3, 2015 by-election, Cynthia Tomlinson became the first woman elected to the Government of the Lubicon Lake Nation Council. Tomlinson previously served as head of the Lubicon Lake Nation Youth Council and Lands & Negotiations Advisor to the Chief & Council.[12] Tomlinson carries a bachelor's degree in Native American Studies from the University of Lethbridge.[13] She is also an experienced public speaker on Indigenous rights and Indigenous legal orders, whose list of accomplishments include presenting at such institutions as the McGill Centre for Human Rights & Legal Pluralism and the University of Ottawa Faculty of Law.[14][15] References1. ^1 2 Darlene Arbeau Ferreira, "Oil and the Lubicons Don’t Mix: A Land Claim in Northern Alberta in Historical Perspective" in The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 12, no. 1, 1992, 2. 2. ^Turner, Lisle. Our Land, My People: The Struggle of the Lubicon Cree. Amnesty International, 2008. 3. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.lubiconlakenation.ca/index.php/breaking-news/most-recent-news-release/410-feb-20-2013-lubicon-lake-nation-standing-strong-against-Fraudulent Election | author=Tomlinson, Garrett| title=Lubicon Lake Nation Standing Strong against Fraudulent Election: Demands Aboriginal Affairs Cease assimilation tactics in nation | publisher=Lubicon Lake Nation | date=February 20, 2013 | accessdate=June 28, 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web| url=http://nisto.com/cree/lubicon/1995/19950710.html | author=Lubicon Lake Nation| title=Another Effort to Dismember the Lubicon Society | publisher=Grant Neufeld, Nisto.com | date=July 10, 1995 | accessdate=June 28, 2013}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/edmonton/2018/10/24/province-reaches-land-agreement-with-lubicon-lake-band-after-an-85-year-dispute.html|title=Land claim agreement announced between Lubicon Lake Band and government of Alberta|date=October 24, 2018|publisher=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/lubicon-settle-land-claim-alberta-1.4876940|title=Alberta band settles long-standing land claim for $113M and swath of land|date=October 24, 2018|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.treaty8.ca/About-Us/List-of-Nations |title=List of Nations | Treaty 8 Organizational Portal |publisher=Treaty8.ca |date= |accessdate=2018-09-02}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Lubicon finally unite |url=http://aptn.ca/pages/news/2012/07/26/lubicon-finally-unite/ |publisher=APTN National News |date=July 26, 2012 |accessdate=July 26, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429172613/http://aptn.ca/pages/news/2012/07/26/lubicon-finally-unite/ |archivedate=April 29, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_EIkuG-nHE|title=Justice for the Lubicon Cree - Alphonse Ominayak|first=|last=Paula Kirman Radical Citizen Media|date=June 29, 2007|publisher=|via=YouTube}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lubicon.ca/pa/oilp/tcplp/po081117.htm |title=Nov 17/08 : TransCanada invades Lubicon territory |publisher=Lubicon.ca |date= |accessdate=2018-09-02}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=UN impatient with Canada |url=http://www.ammsa.com/publications/windspeaker/un-impatient-canada |publisher=AMMSA |date=2005|accessdate=January 7, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Lubicon Lake Nation Holds Own Council By-Election |url=http://www.ylcountry.com/2015/12/04/lubicon-lake-nation-holds-own-council-by-election/ |publisher=YL Country News |date=December 4, 2015 |accessdate=January 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108094451/http://www.ylcountry.com/2015/12/04/lubicon-lake-nation-holds-own-council-by-election/ |archive-date=January 8, 2017 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/lubicon-lake-nation-holds-historic-by-election-cynthia-tomlinson-first-woman-elected-to-traditional-government-560545561.html|title=Lubicon Lake Nation holds historic by-election: Cynthia Tomlinson first woman elected to traditional government|website=www.newswire.ca}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/law/channels/event/tsilhqotin-future-aboriginal-title-238821|title=Tsilhqot’in: The Future of Aboriginal Title|website=Faculty of Law}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uocal.uottawa.ca/en/node/16591|title=Conference on Indigenous Laws - Calendrier des événements – uOttawa Calendar and Schedule of Events – uoCal|website=www.uocal.uottawa.ca}} External links
2 : Cree governments|First Nations governments in Alberta |
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