| 词条 | Pierre Gamarra |
| 释义 |
| name = Pierre Gamarra | image = Pierre_Gamarra_Toulouse_1945%2C_locaux_du_Patriote_du_Sud-Ouest.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = Gamarra in Toulouse, 1945 | pseudonym = | birth_name = Pierre Albert Gamarra | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1919|07|10}} | birth_place = Toulouse, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2009|05|20|1919|07|10}} | death_place =Argenteuil, France | occupation = Writer | period = | genre = Novel, Children's literature, Fable, Poetry, Essay | subject =Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées | movement = | notableworks =
| spouse = | children = | relatives = | awards =
| signature=Pierre Gamarra Signature BW.jpg | website= {{URL|pierregamarra.com}} }} Pierre Gamarra ({{IPA-fr|pjɛʁ gamaˈʁa}}; 10 July 1919 – 20 May 2009) was a French poet, novelist and literary critic, a long-time chief editor and director of the literary magazine Europe. LifePierre Gamarra was born in Toulouse on July 10, 1919. From 1938 until 1940, he was a teacher in the South of France. During the German Occupation, he joined various Resistance groups in Toulouse, involved in the writing and distributing of clandestine publications. This led him to a career as a journalist, and then, more specifically both as a writer and a literary journalist.[1] In 1948, Pierre Gamarra received the first {{Interlanguage link multi|Charles Veillon International Prize|fr|3=Prix Charles Veillon|lt=Charles-Veillon International Grand Prize}} in Lausanne for his first novel, La Maison de feu.[2] Members of the 1948 Veillon Prize jury included writers André Chamson, Vercors, Franz Hellens and Louis Guilloux.{{refn|group=n|Gathered in La Tour-de-Peilz, the jury also included {{Ill|Léon Bopp|fr}}, Maurice Zermatten, Charles Guyot, Louis Martin-Chauffier and Robert Vivier.[3]}} The novel is described in Books Abroad as “A beautifully written tale of humble life, which Philippe and Jammes would have liked“.[4] From 1945 to 1951, he worked as a journalist in Toulouse. In 1951, Louis Aragon, Jean Cassou and André Chamson offered him a position in Paris as editor-in-chief of the literary magazine Europe.[5] He occupied this position until 1974, when he became director of the magazine. Under Pierre Gamarra's direction, Europe continued the project initiated in 1923 by Romain Rolland and a group of writers.[6] For more than 50 years, Pierre Gamarra also contributed to most of the magazines's issues with a book review column named The Typewriter[7] which shows the same international curiosity.[8] Most of his novels take place in his native South-West of France: he wrote a novel trilogy based on the history of Toulouse and various novels set in that town, along the Garonne[9] or in the Pyrenees. In 1955, he published one of his best known novels, Le Maître d’école;[15] the book and its sequel La Femme de Simon[16] (1962) received critical praise.[17] In 1961, Pierre Gamarra received the {{Interlanguage link multi|Prix Jeunesse|fr}} for L'Aventure du Serpent à Plumes[20] and in 1985, the SGDL Grand Prize[21] for his novel Le Fleuve Palimpseste.[22] Pierre Gamarra died in Argenteuil on May 20, 2009, leaving a substantial body of work, as yet untranslated into English. The Encyclopædia Britannica sees in him a "delightful practitioner with notable drollery and high technical skills"[23] in the art of children's poetry and children's stories. His poems{{refn|group=n|Pierre Gamarra’s best known poems include Mon cartable (My schoolbag),[24] My School[25] and The Clock.}} and fables{{refn|group="n"|His best known fables include The Cosmonaut and his host, The Apple, The Ski, The mocked Mocker (Le Moqueur moqué) or The Fly and the Cream.[26]}}[27] are well known by French schoolchildren.[28][29][30] Selection of works{{grey|In French unless otherwise stated}}Literature for the youthStories{{col-begin |width=75%}}{{col-2|width=30%}}
{{ISBN|2-7479-0084-3}} New edition of Moustache et ses amis (1974)
Illustrated by Marilyn Hafner (p. 22-29), translated by Paulette Henderson
Fables collections
Poetry collections
CD
Adaptations
Novels
Reedited De Borée (2014) {{ISBN|9782812911491}} Editions of the book since 1948
Short stories
Poetry collections
About Pierre Gamarra{{grey|In French unless otherwise stated}}{{green|Book reviews in English}}
Literary journals special issues
Interviews
Homages
A street in Argenteuil, a school in Montauban and two public libraries (one in Argenteuil,[32] the other in Andrest) are named after Pierre Gamarra. Notes1. ^″This is how a countryside schoolteacher who had been studying at the 'École normale primaire', became, through the turmoil of the Phoney War and the Resistance, a poet, a novelist, a journalist living in the region of Paris, member of the magazine Europe′s editing team for some fifty years.″ (…) c’est ainsi que l’instituteur rural préparé par ses années d’École normale primaire s’est mué, les bouleversements de la drôle de guerre et la Résistance aidant, en un poète, romancier, journaliste vivant en région parisienne, membre pendant quelque cinquante ans du comité de rédaction de la revue Europe (…) Claude Sicard, ″Pierre Gamarra″ in Balade en Midi-Pyrénées, sur les pas des écrivains, Alexandrines, 2011 (Excerpt on the Publisher website {{fr}}). 2. ^La Maison de feu means ″The fiery house″. The novel takes place in Toulouse during the 1930’s. 3. ^Simone Hauert Annabelle, Year 8, number 85, March 1948 (Lausanne), p.45. See also Le Confédéré (Martigny) number 59, 19 May 1948 p. 2. (Read online). 4. ^{{cite journal | jstor=40086832| title=Review of La Maison de feu | journal=Books Abroad |volume=23 |issue=2 | date=Spring 1949 | author=Georgette R. Schuler | pages=156}} 5. ^Encyclopédia Universalis: Pierre Gamarra{{fr}}. 6. ^For instance, many issues were devoted to an extensive presentation of countries whose literature is not internationally very well known. 7. ^In French La Machine à écrire; since 2009, the column is continued in Europe by Jacques Lèbre. 8. ^See the Journal tables* from 1924 until 2000: Europe tables (by author) on Paris-III University website{{fr}}* from 2001 until present day: Europe tables (by author by year) on the journal website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127045748/http://www.europe-revue.net/les-tables-annuelles.html |date=27 January 2012 }}{{fr}} 9. ^″Pierre Gamarra kept for all his life his passion for the regions along the Garonne river: it was present in his poems, novels and stories.″(Pierre Gamarra conservera toute sa vie une passion pour ces terres de Garonne qui reviendront dans ses poèmes, ses romans, ses récits.) Alain Nicolas, ″Pierre Gamarra est mort″, L’Humanité, 25 May 2009. ([https://www.humanite.fr/node/417537 online version]{{fr icon}}) 10. ^John L. Brown, Review of Le Fleuve palimpseste, World Literature Today, Vol. 59, No. 1, Winter, 1985 {{ISSN|0196-3570}}. 11. ^{{Cite journal | title=Review of Les Lèvres de l'été | journal=World Literature Today| volume=61|issue = 2| date=1987 | author=John L. Brown| pages=236|jstor = 40143008}} 12. ^In French Les Coqs de Minuit. 13. ^Les Coqs de minuit (1950, reed. 2009) De Borée {{ISBN|9782844949097}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.fr/title/tt0220215/fullcredits#writers|title= TV adaptation (Les Coqs de Minuit) on the Internet Movie Data Base | accessdate=9 August 2011}} 15. ^French for The Schoolmaster. 16. ^French for Simon’s wife, Simon being Simon Sermet, the main character in both novels. 17. ^″The manner of telling is so matter of fact that the tragedy takes one unaware.″, according to Helen M. Ranson, reviewing Le Maître d’école, in Books Abroad, Vol. 31, No. 1, Winter, 1957, {{ISSN|0006-7431}} 18. ^French for A Potter's lovers. 19. ^{{cite journal | jstor=40098002 | title=Review of Les Amours du potier | journal=Books Abroad | volume=32 | issue=4 | date=1958 | author=Sutton Lois Marie | pages=394}} 20. ^L’Aventure du Serpent à Plumes, French for ″The Adventure of the Feathered Snake″, is a novel for the youth. 21. ^In French, Grand Prix de la Société des gens de lettres pour le roman. 22. ^Le Fleuve palimpseste, French for ″The Palimpsest river″. The river is the Garonne. 23. ^Article Children’s literature (20th century) in Encyclopædia Britannica: {{quotation|Children’s verse has at least one delightful practitioner in Pierre Gamarra. His Mandarine et le Mandarin contains Fontainesque fables of notable drollery and high technical skill.}} 24. ^Mon cartable is for instance chosen in France Inter poetry yearly selection for 2012, read by Guillaume Gallienne: listen online{{fr icon}}; or on Édouard Baer’s Radio Nova program, “Un enfant, un poème” in December 2017: [https://podcloud.fr/podcast/un-enfant-un-poeme/episode/esther-recite-pierre-gamarra listening online]. 25. ^"Mon école", online reading on Radio Nova (2017). 26. ^La Mouche et la Crème, online on Radio Nova. 27. ^Most of Pierre Gamarra’s fables are collected in La Mandarine et le Mandarin (1970) and in Salut, Monsieur de La Fontaine (2005), ([https://www.printempsdespoetes.com/index.php?url=poetheque/parutions_fiche.php&cle=1234 rewiewed on Le Printemps des poètes’ website] {{fr icon}}). 28. ^″His abundant body of work has earned him a prominent place in Children’s literature; his poems are read in schools, taught and learned by heart.″ (Sa frénésie d'écrire lui confère une place de choix dans la littérature enfantine ; on lit ses poèmes dans les écoles, on les enseigne, on les apprend.) Guillaume de Toulouse-Lautrec, foreword to Mon pays l'Occitanie, 2009, p. 12. 29. ^{{Cite newspaper|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36500648|title=The homework that inspires horror in families - BBC News|journal=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-16|date=2016-06-19}} 30. ^{{Cite news|url=https://actu.fr/normandie/mesnils-sur-iton_27198/projet-pedagogique-eleves-passent-fables-mesnils-sur-iton_14719799.html|title=Projet pédagogique. Les élèves passent aux fables à Mesnils sur Iton|access-date=2018-01-24|language=fr-FR}} 31. ^Armen Kalfayan, Review of La Femme et le Fleuve, Books Abroad Vol. 26, No. 3, Summer, 1952 32. ^Pierre Gamarra Library in Argenteuil page. {{fr icon}} See also{{Portal|Children's literature|French literature}}
References{{reflist|27em}}External resources{{col-begin |width=100%}}{{col-2|width=57%}}
;{{color|#87CEEB|In French}}
22 : 1919 births|2009 deaths|People from Toulouse|French fabulists|French children's writers|French literary critics|French essayists|20th-century French dramatists and playwrights|21st-century French dramatists and playwrights|French magazine editors|French male essayists|20th-century French novelists|21st-century French novelists|20th-century French poets|21st-century French poets|21st-century French male writers|French male poets|French male novelists|French male dramatists and playwrights|20th-century essayists|21st-century essayists|20th-century French male writers |
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