“Lucifer (DC Comics)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lucifer Samael Morningstar is a fictional character appearing primarily as a supporting character in the comic book series The Sandman and as the title character of a spin-off.

Though various depictions of Lucifer—the Biblical fallen angel and Devil of Christianity—have been presented by DC Comics in their run, this interpretation by Neil Gaiman debuted in The Sandman in 1989.

Later, the character acquired an ongoing Lucifer spin-off series written by Mike Carey, depicting his adventures on Earth, Heaven, and in the various other realms of his family's creations and in uncreated voids after abandoning Hell in the Sandman series.^[1] Lucifer also appears as a supporting character in issues of The Demon, The Spectre, and other DC Universe comics. Two angels, several demons, a human, and briefly Superman^[2] have taken his place as ruler of Hell.

In 2010, IGN's named Lucifer as the 68th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.^[3] Lucifer appeared in the film Constantine played by Peter Stormare. Lucifer also appears as the titular character in a television series, portrayed by Tom Ellis.

Fictional character biography

The Sandman continuity

In the earlier related series The Sandman, written by Neil Gaiman, Lucifer abandoned his lordship over Hell. While Lucifer had previously appeared in various stereotypical guises in earlier DC books, Gaiman's version was premised on English poet and prose writer John Milton's Paradise Lost.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} At Gaiman's request of the artist, Lucifer looks like David Bowie at the time.^[4] In the Sandman series, Lucifer had ruled as Lord of Hell for 10 billion years after rebelling three seconds after Creation. Over that time, he had manipulated the various demons of Hell against each other, provided a place for dead mortals to be tormented, and led the war against Heaven.

However, at some point during his rule, he had become bored with his existence. He became tired of the various stereotypes and prejudices that mortals held of the devil, such as the idea that he purchased and traded for souls, which was largely untrue, and that he forced mortals to commit evil acts. He had become tired of his reign over Hell and felt it an unfair punishment that he should have to rule there forever simply because he once rebelled. In the Sandman story "Season of Mists", Lucifer expels all the demons and damned souls from Hell before closing Hell's gates and handing over the key to Hell to Dream of the Endless, the title character of the Sandman series. Eventually, control of Hell was handed over to two angels, Duma (the angel of silence) and Remiel ("set over those who rise"), while Lucifer simply retired to Earth, initially to Perth, Western Australia^[5] and later to Los Angeles, California.^[6]

By the end of the series, however, it is revealed that Hell was not a punishment, but a gift: being the furthest possible place from the throne of light, Lucifer could be separated from God as far as possible. Lucifer never created the physical features of Hell—Hell created itself around him.

Solo series

Lucifer was the main character in an eponymous series that ran for 75 issues and the Lucifer: Nirvana one-shot, from June 2000 to August 2006, the entire run of which was written by Mike Carey (this series was preceded by Carey's work in 1999, The Sandman Presents: Lucifer miniseries). To Carey, the essence of the character was:

In the series, Lucifer runs a piano bar (an element introduced in the Sandman story "The Kindly Ones") called "Lux" in Los Angeles, with the assistance of his mistress, Mazikeen who is a Lilim, one of the race descended from Lilith. Lucifer is portrayed as a sophisticated and charming man, in accordance with the stereotypical gentleman-devil.^[1]

The theme of the Lucifer series revolves around the free will problem. Carey's Lucifer is a figure representing will and individual willpower, who challenges the "tyranny of predestination". While in Heaven's eyes this is blasphemy, Lucifer points out that the rebellion (and indeed all sin) and damnation as consequence were pre-planned by his Creator, God. Lucifer rejects God's rule and moral philosophy as tyrannical and unjust. The violent, aggressive, totalitarian, vengeful and dictatorial aspects of Heaven's rule are represented mostly by the Angel, Amenadiel, who has a particular hatred of Lucifer and leads attacks of various kinds against him. The attacks include verbal criticism, marshaling the host of Heaven, as well as challenging him to individual combat—almost all of it without the slightest care for the countless innocent, unwilling and unwitting victims that he is more than willing to sacrifice for his own pride. For his part, Lucifer disdains Amenadiel, treating the latter's emotional outbursts with contempt, and repeatedly defeats Amenadiel's assaults with well-orchestrated, hidden plans. Ironically, however, it is often difficult to discern when Lucifer acts as a slave to predestination and when he effectively acts according to his own free will.

Elaborate codes of conduct and schemes of entrapment based on these codes are vital elements of the DC/Vertigo magical universe. Lucifer appears as a master of these arts. In an encounter during the first Sandman story arc (around issue #5) a weakened Dream outsmarts Lucifer. Lucifer first swears revenge on Dream, but later comes to accept Dream's critique of his role and project as Lord of Hell. This inspires Lucifer's abdication, a vital element of the Sandman saga, and the point of departure for the Lucifer series.^[1]

For Lucifer, his word is his bond. As David Easterman, a character who sees himself as a victim of Lucifer, puts it:

Despite his theological title as the "Lord of Lies", the refusal to lie is central to the moral position of the character -he sees himself as a neutral or amoral facilitator of forces within individuals, and Lucifer actively and effectively combats what he regards as corrupting moral codes. While he avoids lying, his morality seldom extends to compassion and Lucifer regards the sacrifice of millions of souls as unimportant collateral damage; there are few, if any, beings that he respects and even fewer for whom he cares.

As the series opened in 2000, Lucifer's "restful" retirement was disturbed by a series of associates from his past. After various catalytic events, he endeavored to create a universe in competition with (and presumably against the wishes of) his father, Yahweh. This puts him on a collision course with several powerful mystical entities that have a vested interest in the new creation and draws the angelic host into the fray - including his brother, the archangel Michael Demiurgos, and his niece, Elaine Belloc.

The series paralleled The Sandman in several ways, with epic fantasy stories being told in arcs separated by one-shot episodes depicting a smaller, more personal tale. Unlike The Sandman, the series has had a consistent art team in Peter Gross and Ryan Kelly, with most of the odd issues illustrated by Dean Ormston. The title's 50th issue was penciled by P. Craig Russell, a homage to The Sandman #50. Structurally, the series mostly follows its own path. Numerous gods appear, with greater focus on Judeo-Christian religion (as viewed by Milton in Paradise Lost), Japanese mythology and Norse mythology than in Sandman. As for the Endless themselves, Dream, Death, Delirium and Destiny appear, but their appearances are small and rare. Destiny, perhaps, plays the biggest role in so far as he represents predestination, which Lucifer of course finds "offensive as a concept", stating that Lucifer knows Destiny is "really just a SIDE effect of [Lucifer's] FATHER, or rather, his deterministic APPROACH to the act of creation."

Cover artists included Duncan Fegredo, Christopher Moeller, and Mike Kaluta. The letters are inconsistent, with the first half of the series carrying particularly established fonts of Gaudium, Michael, and God, only to drop almost all of them, save Lucifer's, towards the end with numerous changes in the letterers.

The series ended in June 2006 with issue #75 and has thus far been collected in 11 books, with a stand-alone story (Lucifer: Nirvana) published as a smaller graphic novel. The series' parent title, The Sandman, also ran for 75 issues.

When Lucifer ventures outside Creation, he sees something resembling the comics pages themselves. In the end of the Lucifer story arc, God and the devil are no longer part of the universe, and a former human (Elaine Belloc) is instead presiding over it. New concepts for Heaven and Hell are created, inspired and influenced by other human or superhuman characters in the story. The new situation is described on several occasions by the fallen cherubs Gaudium and Spera. In essence, it is "growing up", i.e., the need to find one's own truth and values without being directed by parents, elders, teachers, authority figures, etc.

Lucifer himself, his whole identity having been forged by that same motive, scoffs at his Father's final offer: to merge their beings (described by God as a potlatch) so that they can finally understand one another's perspective. As this would be the final expression of God's will (even when delivered from "outside the plan", as he puts it), Lucifer finds the ultimate expression of his own defiant will by refusing the bargain and travelling beyond his Father's influence into the undefined void.

The New 52

In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Lucifer is much more influenced by traditional Christian theology. He is depicted as a malevolent, sadistic, and cunning fallen angel who is the ruler of Hell and seeks to possess human souls. He is held with great respect and fear by the denizens of Hell, who serve and obey him like a king. Lucifer himself, however, is mostly bored with his existence when the group known as the Demon Knights are captured by him during the early Middle Ages, and passes the time by finding small amusements, such as watching the struggles and falls of Etrigan the Demon.

Lucifer made a more physical appearance in I...Vampire #19 after being tipped by John Constantine in destroying Cain. Lucifer immediately sentences Cain and drags him to Hell, though a being claiming to be him has appeared in the Modern Age of DC Comics to the superhero Deadman.

Note: The versions of Lucifer, Michael, Gabriel, Cain and Abel in mainstream New 52 are not of the same continuity as the versions in the previous or later Lucifer comics and are currently noncanonical to the Vertigo Sandman-Lucifer-Hellblazer continuity, in which Lucifer is not ruling Hell and Cain has not been destroyed or banished to Hell. In fact, Cain (restored to his original / New Earth version) appeared in DC's Dark Nights: Metal #2 as a member of the Immortal Men with his brother Abel. Cain, Abel, Gabriel and Lucifer (the Pre-Flashpoint versions) currently appear in the Sandman Universe Comics from Vertigo. Cain, Abel, Daniel Hall (Dream), and Lucien also appeared in DCs' Dark Nights: Metal in these forms, re-establishing their Pre-New 52 incarnations in both DC and Vertigo.

Volume 2 (2015–2017)

This volume continues from where Lucifer left off before New 52 (the New 52 version not being canon to this continuity). As this series begins, God is dead and Gabriel has accused Lucifer of His murder. Lucifer had motive and opportunity, but claims he can prove his innocence. If Gabriel finds the killer and takes the culprit into custody, his sins will be forgotten, and he will be welcomed back into the Silver City. Despite the fact that Lucifer has just opened a nightclub on Earth and is hiding a mysterious wound, the two brothers set off to solve their Father’s murder.

Powers and abilities

Lucifer is continuously described as a celestial being of incalculable power due to his dominion over the very substance and knowledge of the formation of Creation. He has been cited as one of the most powerful characters in the DC Multiverse. He is one of a few characters to be capable of fully comprehending the Primal Monitor/Monitor-Mind/Overvoid, better known as the canvas paper of the DC franchise, which views the entirety of the franchise as meaningless fiction. Through this understanding, Lucifer can shape the matter and foundation of the creation into anything he can imagine, including matter, energy and more abstract concepts, such as time. He once shaped Big Bang energies released by death of his brother Michael into a new universe.^[11] However, he does have certain limitations, as he is still a creation of God; chiefly, he cannot create something out of nothing, unlike his Creator or brother. In some ways, this makes him the most disadvantaged, though not the weakest, of the higher angelic host. He needs existing matter (and where that is unavailable, the Demiurgic power of the Archangel Michael or that of God Himself) to provide the foundation for him to shape. In certain dimensions for reasons unknown, he is powerless and his mobility is limited without his wings. He is also not unbeatable, as Basanos was able to kill him with probability manipulation. He may choose to temporarily abandon his powers, including his immortality. In the story titled "Lilith", it is logically implied that God could destroy him at His own whim, which makes Lucifer sometimes wonder why He has not dealt with him already. He is so dangerous and unpredictable that even Death does not apply to him.

He is never without the formidable resources of his brilliant intellect and his unbending will or inner strength, which allowed him to defy and confront his Father, as well as many other formidable opponents, without fear or doubt. Although Lucifer's overt exercise of power is limited in the books, if he is provoked to violence, his preference seems to be to use fire and light as a weapon. His original role was as "God's lamplighter", in which he used his will to condense clouds of hydrogen into star-masses and set them alight. As terrifying as they are brief, battles with Lucifer usually begin and end with him drawing down the flames of a super-heated main sequence star and incinerating to ash anything in the immediate area. However, the true reasons why he favors light and fire are partially explained in the story "Lilith" (from The Wolf Beneath the Tree).

Beyond his demigodly powers as an archangel, Lucifer possesses the common powers appropriate to an archangel of his position; superhuman strength, superhuman durability, flight, acidic blood (or, rather, he bleeds willpower, as depicted in when he reaches Yggdrasil in The Wolf Beneath the Tree), a devastating sonic cry, telepathy and the power to speak to and understand animals. As an archangel, his powers are significantly superior to other angels.

In The New 52 reboot, Lucifer is shown to be significantly less powerful, often using Hell's armies to do his bidding and is susceptible to magic, shown when Excalibur was used to cut off his hand. He has no power over animal souls. He can open and close magical portals to Earth from Hell and back again. He can use this power to either summon or banish demons, as he does with Etrigan. He is clairvoyant, possessing a heightened perception or knowledge of time, even to the extent of being able to know the future.

Other versions

In other media

Film

Lucifer appears in Constantine, portrayed by Peter Stormare. This film's adaptation of Lucifer wears a pure white suit and has tattoos visible at the sleeves and neckline, implying a full body design, while constantly dripping a black oil from his feet that leaves footprints. John Constantine summons him by slitting his wrists, suicide being a sin, in order to convince Lucifer to stop the Archangel Gabriel and Lucifer's own son Mammon from bringing humanity to its knees with the Spear of Destiny. Lucifer appears, stopping time in the process. Lucifer admonishes Constantine's amateurish suicide attempt by noting how the exorcist can no longer move his fingers properly from cutting too deep. Constantine asserts that Mammon is trying to usurp Lucifer's revenge against God for Mammon's own glory, which finally brings Lucifer's attention to the angel Gabriel. Lucifer reestablishes time, quickly grabbing the woman Mammon possessed, Angela Dodson, and confronting Gabriel. Though Gabriel tries to smite Lucifer with God's power, the demon remains unaffected as God has abandoned Gabriel, allowing Lucifer to both banish Mammon back to Hell and destroy Gabriel's wings. After this, Lucifer returns to Constantine, who had offered his own soul in exchange for Isabel's (Angela's sister who had committed suicide) so that she could be released to Heaven. Seeing it as fair, Lucifer grabs Constantine, but God declares it a selfless sacrifice. Constantine, dying from the slit wrists and suffering from lung cancer, is slowly drawn into a heavenly column of golden light. Furious at his revenge being denied yet again, Lucifer resurrects Constantine by reaching into his chest and pulling the cancer out, thereby giving Constantine the chance to prove his soul belongs in Hell after all.

Television

DC and Fox developed a TV series based on the Sandman character Lucifer.^[14] In February 2015, Fox ordered the pilot.^[15] According to The Hollywood Reporter, the series focuses on Lucifer, "who is bored and unhappy as the Lord of Hell and resigns his throne and abandons his kingdom for the beauty of Los Angeles, where he gets his kicks helping the LAPD punish criminals."^[16] Californication creator Tom Kapinos penned the script, and served as executive producer for the pilot; Len Wiseman directed. Jerry Bruckheimer and Jonathan Littman also served as executive producers. Jerry Bruckheimer Television's KristAnne Reed was on board as a co-executive producer. It was announced that Tom Ellis would portray the main character in the series.^[17]^[18] In March 2015, Lauren German was cast as the female lead on the series, described as an LAPD homicide detective who is "repulsed and fascinated" by Lucifer as they work together to solve a murder.^[19] Fox officially picked up the series on May 8^[20] and premiered the series on Monday January 25, 2016. Fox later cancelled the series after 3 seasons on May 11, 2018. However, following the successful campaign "#SaveLucifer" which was initiated by fans, the series was picked up by the streaming network Netflix for Season 4, which will consist of ten episodes.^[21]

Collected editions

Paperback

Lucifer, including the Sandman Presents mini-series and the Lucifer: Nirvana one-shot, has been collected together into eleven trade paperbacks:

Reprint editions

Volume 2

References

1. ^¹²{{Citation | last = Irvine | first = Alex | author-link = Alexander C. Irvine | contribution = Lucifer | editor-last = Dougall | editor-first = Alastair | title = The Vertigo Encyclopedia | pages = 118–124 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | place = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 0-7566-4122-5 | oclc = 213309015}}
2. ^Superman #666, October 2007
3. ^Lucifer is number 68 2010
4. ^"...Neil was adamant that the Devil was David Bowie. He just said, 'He is. You must draw David Bowie. Find David Bowie, or I'll send you David Bowie. Because if it isn't David Bowie, you're going to have to redo it until it is David Bowie.' So I said, 'Okay, it's David Bowie.'..." Kelley Jones, from Hanging out with the Dream King (a book consisting of interviews with Gaiman's collaborators)
5. ^Sandman #28, July 1991: "Season of Mists" part 7
6. ^Sandman #57, February 1994, p21: "The Kindly Ones" part 1
7. ^{{citation| last=Carey| first=Mike |title=On The Ledge| publisher=DC Comics / Vertigo |date=July 2000}}
8. ^Lucifer vol. 1 #11
9. ^https://www.wsj.com/articles/neil-gaimans-sandman-gets-another-life-1533042592 Article in The Wallstreet Journal]
10. ^https://ew.com/books/2018/03/01/neil-gaiman-sandman-universe-comics/ Article in Entertainment Weekly.]
11. ^Lucifer vol. 1 #16
12. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.dcuguide.com/chronology.php?name=lucifer|title=The Unofficial Lucifer Morningstar Chronology|publisher=}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comicbookdb.com/character_chron.php?ID=15956|title=Satan (DC)—Comic Book DB|publisher=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2014/09/lucifer-show-pilot-dc-comics-fox-834452/|title=Fox Nabs DC Entertainment ‘Lucifer’ Drama From Tom Kapinos As Put Pilot|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|publisher=Deadline|date=September 16, 2014|accessdate=September 16, 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/02/19/fox-orders-pilot-for-dc-comics-lucifer?abthid=54e63fe3eb1c690e51000025|title=FOX Orders Pilot for DC Comics' Lucifer|author=Jordan Sirani|date=19 February 2015|work=IGN}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://renegadecinema.com/36228/lucifer-tv-series-casts-tom-ellis-in-lead|title=Lucifer TV Series Casts Tom Ellis in Lead|publisher=Renegade Cinema|last=Lealos|first=Shawn S.|date=February 27, 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/02/lucifer-pilot-order-len-wiseman-director-jerry-bruckheimer-producer-fox-1201376635/|title=‘Lucifer’ Gets Pilot Order At Fox, Len Wiseman Directing, Jerry Bruckheimer EP|publisher=Deadline|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=February 19, 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://tvline.com/2015/02/27/lucifer-tom-ellis-tv-show-fox-cast-dc-coomics/|title=Pilot Scoop: Once Alum Tom Ellis Lands Satanic Title Role In Fox's Lucifer|publisher=TV Line|last=Ausiello|first=Michael|date=February 27, 2015}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer TV Show Casts Female Lead|url=http://renegadecinema.com/36314/lucifer-tv-show-casts-female-lead|website=Renegade Cinema|accessdate=March 12, 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Vertigo's 'Lucifer' Hitting Fox in 2016|url=http://renegadecinema.com/36757/lucifer-fox-new-tv-series|website=Renegade Cinema|accessdate=May 11, 2015}}
21. ^{{Cite news |url= https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/lucifer-canceled-fox-1202800382 |title= ‘Lucifer’ Canceled After Three Seasons at Fox |last= Turchiano |first= Danielle |date= 2018-05-11 |work= Variety |access-date= 2018-05-13 |language= en-US}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer Book One Solicitation|url=http://www.vertigocomics.com/graphic-novels/lucifer-book-one|work=Vertigo|publisher=DC Comics|accessdate=25 January 2013}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer Book Two Solicitation|url=http://www.vertigocomics.com/graphic-novels/lucifer-book-two|work=Vertigo|publisher=DC Comics|accessdate=16 October 2013}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer Book Three Solicitation|url=http://www.vertigocomics.com/graphic-novels/lucifer-book-three|work=Vertigo|publisher=DC Comics|accessdate=4 April 2014}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer Book Four Solicitation|url=http://www.vertigocomics.com/graphic-novels/lucifer-book-four|work=Vertigo|publisher=DC Comics|accessdate=20 August 2014}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=Lucifer Book Five Solicitation|url=http://www.vertigocomics.com/graphic-novels/lucifer-book-five|work=Vertigo|publisher=DC Comics|accessdate=30 December 2014}}