| 词条 | Pigeon Point Lighthouse | |||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image_name = Pigeon Point Lighthouse (2016).jpg | caption = Pigeon Point Lighthouse in 2016 | location = Pigeon Point southern to San Francisco Bay California United States | coordinates = {{coord|37|10|54.3|N|122|23|38.1|W|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = California | relief = 1 | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_map_caption = California | yearbuilt = 1871 | yearlit = 1872 | automated = 1974 | yeardeactivated = | foundation = stone | construction = brick tower | shape = tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to workroom | marking = white tower, black trim | height = {{convert|115|ft|abbr=on}} | focalheight = {{convert|148|ft|abbr=on}} | lens = First order Fresnel lens (1872) | currentlens = DCB-24 aerobeacon | intensity = | range = {{convert|24|nmi|lk=on|abbr=on}} | characteristic = Flashing white 10s, Emergency light of reduced intensity when main light is extinguished. | admiralty = G4006 | ARLHS = USA-499 | USCG = 6-0320 | managingagent = Pigeon Point Lighthouse State Historic Park[1][2] | module = {{Infobox designation list|embed=yes|designation1=NRHP|designation1_number=77000337[3]|designation1_date=1977|designation2=California|designation2_number=930[4]|designation2_date=1980}} }} Pigeon Point Light Station or Pigeon Point Lighthouse is a lighthouse built in 1871 to guide ships on the Pacific coast of California. It is the tallest lighthouse (tied with Point Arena Light) on the West Coast of the United States. It is still an active Coast Guard aid to navigation. Pigeon Point Light Station is located on the coastal highway (State Route 1), {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} south of Pescadero, California, between Santa Cruz and San Francisco. The {{convert|115|ft|adj=on}}, white masonry tower, resembles the typical New England structure. Because of its location and ready access from the main highway, Pigeon Point entertains a large number of public visitors. The lighthouse and the land around have been preserved as Pigeon Point Light Station State Historic Park, a California state park. The lighthouse is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places,[3] and designated as a California Historical Landmark.[4] The Pigeon Point Lighthouse is also a logo of E. W. Scripps Company. HistoryPigeon Point Lighthouse is one of the most picturesque lighthouses on the Pacific coast. The tower stands on a rocky promontory and has long been a landmark for ships approaching San Francisco Bay from the south. This headland, and hence the lighthouse, took its name from the ship Carrier Pigeon that wrecked here in 1853. The lantern room of the tower is no longer equipped with the original first-order, 1000-watt Fresnel lens.[5] No longer illuminated for demonstration purposes,[6] the lens has 24 flash panels, is composed of 1008 hand-polished lenses and prisms and is capable of producing over 500,000 candlepower illumination. It was manufactured by the Henry-LePaute company in Paris, France and was first lit at Pigeon Point at sunset on November 15, 1872. Originally the tower was equipped with a lamp that burned refined lard oil (pig fat). In 1888, that lamp was replaced with a mineral oil (kerosene) lamp. To produce Pigeon Point's assigned characteristic of one white flash of light every ten seconds, the one (1) ton lens rotated one time every four minutes. When observed from a distance, this resulted in the appearance of one white flash of light every ten seconds. The lens rotation was originally powered by a clockworks and {{convert|45|lb}} weight. In 1926 the lighthouse was provided with electricity. Modern innovations were incorporated and the kerosene IOV lamp was replaced by a 1000 watt bulb, the clockworks by an electric motor and an electrically operated fog signal was eventually installed. The lighthouse has been designated California Historical Landmark number 930. In 1972, the United States Coast Guard mounted a {{convert|24|in|adj=on}} aerobeacon on the front of the tower (now replaced by a smaller beacon) and officially retired the Fresnel lens from regular duty. The First order Fresnel lens is no longer lit to celebrate special occasions, such as the annual lighting of the lens, which usually occurred in mid-November (closest Saturday to November 15) the date of the original first lighting in 1872. The lens was removed from the top of the tower in November 2011, to now be displayed in the fog signal building, adjacent to the base of the lighthouse. The light outside the lens room, mounted on a small verandah at the top of the {{convert|100|ft|adj=on}} tower, rotating with six beams, is still an active aid to navigation. Updated information, garnered from the recent lens removal crew, has produced new numbers for the weight of the lens...long reported to be four tons. In actuality that figure was the complete shipping weight of the lens and its rotating clock works. The correct figures are as follows: lens weight, one (1) ton; the clock works, one (1) ton; and the seventy-eight (78) wooden shipping crates to contain such, two (2) tons; total, therefore, being the reported four tons. The first order fresnel lens of the Pigeon Point Lighthouse originally came from the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, which has the same lens characteristic. Following the deactivation of the original tower in 1870, the lens, which had only been installed in 1863 was removed and put into storage. Shortly thereafter in 1871 it was shipped to the west coast to be installed in the new lighthouse. [7] The tower has been closed to tours since December 2001 because of the collapse of brickwork supporting outside access metal walkways on the top of the structure. Cast iron was used rather than steel with the unfortunate result being that cast iron absorbs water rather than repelling it like steel, thus the walkways are severely rusted, as are the major binding ring bands at the base of the tower! The California State Park system has promised repairs, but it is estimated that even if funds were available, it would be seven to ten years before the repairs would be completed. In July, 2010, Rep. Anna G. Eshoo (D-Palo Alto) stated that of the $3.4 million she requested for her district through the Fiscal Year 2011 Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, $250,000 will be allocated to restore the upper portion of the lighthouse.[8] The restored lighthouse keepers' housing has, since the mid-1960s, also served as a youth hostel for travelers. The hostel is operated by HI USA,[9] a non profit organization devoted to helping the young gain a greater understanding of the world and its people through hostelling. The four three-bedroom houses north of the lighthouse have overnight lodging for groups and individual travelers of all ages. Each house has male or female bunk rooms, as well as private room options. Hostel guests from all over the world share kitchens and living spaces set up to facilitate intercultural exchange. An outdoor hot tub can be rented in the evenings. Image gallerySee also{{stack|{{Portal||San Francisco Bay Area|California|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/ca.htm ] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 12 June 2016 2. ^California Historic Light Station Information & Photography United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 12 June 2016 3. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 4. ^1 {{cite ohp|930|Pigeon Point Lighthouse|2012-10-14}} 5. ^Santa Cruz Sentinel - Once majestic Pigeon Point Lighthouse - a legendary landmark - now in need of major restoration 6. ^{{Cite APOD |date=26 November 2007 |title=Moon Over Pigeon Point Lighthouse |access-date=}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=The Lost Light: The Mystery of the Missing Cape Hatteras Fresnel Lens|last=Duffus|first=Kevin|publisher=Looking Glass Productions|year=2003|isbn=1-888285-21-4|location=Raleigh, NC|pages=161-167}} 8. ^Hmbreview.com 9. ^Hiusa.org Further reading
| last = California Department of Parks and Recreation | authorlink = California Department of Parks and Recreation | title = Pigeon Point Light Station State Historic Park | publisher = California State Parks | year = 2002 | location = Sacramento, CA | oclc = 56543458
| last = Perry | first = Frank | title = The history of Pigeon Point Lighthouse | publisher = GBJ Pub. | year = 1986 | location = Soquel, CA | id = | isbn = 978-0-943896-02-1}}
| last = Perry | first = Frank | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Legacy of the Carrier Pigeon - A History of the Pigeon Point Light Station | journal = The Keeper's Log | volume = XV | issue = 3 | pages = | publisher = United States Lighthouse Society | location = | date = Spring 1999 | url = | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}
| last = Semones | first = JoAnn | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Shipwrecks, scalawags, and scavengers: the storied waters of Pigeon Point | publisher = Glencannon Press/Maritime Books | year = 2007 | location = Palo Alto, CA | pages = | isbn = 978-1-889901-42-8}} External links{{commons category|Pigeon Point Lighthouse}}
11 : Lighthouses completed in 1871|Towers completed in 1871|Lighthouses in the San Francisco Bay Area|History of San Mateo County, California|Transportation buildings and structures in San Mateo County, California|California State Historic Parks|Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in California|History of the San Francisco Bay Area|National Register of Historic Places in San Mateo County, California|Parks in San Mateo County, California|Protected areas established in 2000 |
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