| 词条 | Pilumnus hirtellus |
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| image = Pilumnus hirtellus.jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | ordo = Decapoda | infraordo = Brachyura | familia = Pilumnidae | genus = Pilumnus | species = P. hirtellus | binomial = Pilumnus hirtellus | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1761)[1] | synonyms = Cancer hirtellus Linnaeus, 1761[2] }} Pilumnus hirtellus, the bristly crab[3] or hairy crab,[4] is a species of European crab. It is less than {{convert|1|in|mm}} long and covered in hair. It lives in shallow water and feeds on carrion. DescriptionP. hirtellus is a small crab, with a carapace up to {{convert|28|mm}} wide and {{convert|20|mm}} long.[5] The carapace and legs are reddish brown or purple, with the inner surfaces of the legs orange or paler.[6] Both the carapace and the walking legs have a dense covering of setae. The first pair of legs bear large chelae (claws), of which one, usually the right claw, is larger than the other,[3] and the fingers of both claws are brown.[5] The claws are smaller and less hairy in females.[6] Young crabs are less than {{convert|5|mm}} in size, and are chalky white all over.[5] The front edge of the carapace has five teeth on either side, with the first two being smaller than the others.[6]DistributionP. hirtellus is found from the North Sea to Morocco, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands, as well as in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.[7] It is limited by the occurrence of hard frosts, violent storms and pollution.[5]RelativesPilumnus hirtellus is closely related to Pilumnus spinifer, and intermediates have been reported, although in other locations, the two species have been observed living in sympatry without any intermediates being observed.[7]EcologyP. hirtellus lives at depths of up to {{convert|80|m}},[3] preferring areas shallower than {{convert|10|m}}.[5] It can be found on various substrates, including muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, under stones and even among the holdfasts of seaweeds.[3] In the Black Sea, this species prefers stony areas with abundant algae and mussels.[5] The diet consists mainly of carrion.[5]Life cycleBetween April and August,[6] females may carry up to 4000 eggs.[5][8] These are released between May and September,[6] as planktonic zoea larvae, which develop into megalopa larvae before maturing into the adult form.[5] References1. ^{{ITIS |id=98818 |taxon=Pilumnus hirtellus}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q720588}}2. ^{{cite journal |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |year=2008 |volume=17 |pages=1–286 |title=Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world |author=Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s17/s17rbz.pdf |format=PDF}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Bristly crab - Pilumnus hirtellus |work=Marine Life Information Network |author=Marie Skewes |year=2008 |publisher=Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |url=http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=4131}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Hairy Crab, Pilumnus hirtellus |publisher=British Marine Life Study Society |accessdate=January 3, 2009 |url=http://www.glaucus.org.uk/Pilumnus.htm}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |title=Pilumnus hirtellus Linnaeus, 1758 |url=http://www.grid.unep.ch/bsein/redbook/txt/pilumnus.htm?%20CRUSTACEA |author=C. Dumitrache |accessdate=January 3, 2009 |work=Black Sea Environmental Internet Node}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |author=M. J. de Kluijver & S. S. Ingalsuo |title=Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Crustacea |chapter=Pilumnus hirtellus |url=http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten&id=233 |publisher=Universiteit van Amsterdam |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608014929/http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/bis/crustacea.php?menuentry=soorten&id=233 |archivedate=2011-06-08 |df= }} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.frammandearter.se/0/2english/pdf/Pilumnus_spinifer.pdf |title=Red hairy crab (Pilumnus spinifer) • Bristly crab (Pilumnus hirtellus) |date=January 12, 2007 |work=Främmande Arter i Svenska Hav (Alien species in Swedish Seas)}} 8. ^{{cite journal |title=Larval development of the crab Pilumnus hirtellus (L.) reared in the laboratory (Decapoda Brachyura, Xanthidae) |author=Salman D. Salman |journal=Crustaceana |volume=42 |issue=2 |year=1982 |pages=113–126 |jstor=20103704 |doi=10.1163/156854082x00795}} 3 : Pilumnoidea|Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean|Crustaceans described in 1761 |
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