| 词条 | Pipamazine |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 451564309 | IUPAC_name = 1-[3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide | image = Pipamazine.svg | tradename = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = Formerly used for morning sickness | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = | legal_status = Withdrawn | routes_of_administration = Oral, intramuscular injection | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 84-04-8 | ATC_prefix = None | ATC_suffix = | PubChem = 6761 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1909072 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 6503 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 653552FH1N | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D02606 | C=21 | H=24 | Cl=1 | N=3 | O=1 | S=1 | molecular_weight = 401.95 g/mol | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C21H24ClN3OS/c22-16-6-7-20-18(14-16)25(17-4-1-2-5-19(17)27-20)11-3-10-24-12-8-15(9-13-24)21(23)26/h1-2,4-7,14-15H,3,8-13H2,(H2,23,26) | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = OSJJYEUEJRVVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}Pipamazine (INN; trade names Mornidine, Mometine, Nausidol) is a drug of the phenothiazine class formerly used as an antiemetic. It is chemically related to chlorpromazine, but has negligible antipsychotic activity and produces few extrapyramidal side effects.[1] Pipamazine was introduced to the U.S. market in 1959 by G. D. Searle & Company. It was advertised for morning sickness[2] and postoperative nausea and vomiting, and was claimed to reduce the need for postoperative analgesia.[3] It was eventually withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1969, after reports of hepatotoxicity (liver injury).[4][5] There is very little published information on pipamazine; it is mostly absent from modern-day sources, apart from a few passing mentions in the pharmacological literature.[1] Adverse effectsMornidine advertisements for postoperative recovery claimed "unusually low side effects".[3] However, contemporary comparative trials found that hypotension (low blood pressure) was a substantial concern when the drug was given at normal dosages for this indication; blood pressure reductions of up to 70 mmHg were reported.[6] Reductions in dosage mitigated hypotension while maintaining antiemetic efficacy. In his book The Creation of Psychopharmacology, Irish psychiatrist David Healy states that the failure of pipamazine to perform as a neuroleptic and its negative side effect profile helped Searle lose interest in the antipsychotic sector, and contributed to the company's refusal to market haloperidol in the United States.[7] References1. ^1 {{cite book | author=Frota LH |title=Cinqüenta anos de medicamentos antipsicóticos em psiquiatria |edition=1st |language=Portuguese |isbn=85-903827-1-0 |location=Rio de Janeiro |publisher=UFRJ |year=2003 |pages=486 |url=http://www.medicina.ufrj.br/cursos/LH%20FROTA%20-%201%20Ed%20-%2050%20ANOS%20DE%20MEDICAMENTOS%20ANTIPSICOTICOS.pdf}} {{-}}{{Antiemetics and antinauseants}}2. ^{{cite journal |author=[No authors listed] |title=Now she can cook breakfast again... |journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=81 |issue=1 |date=July 1959 |pages=59 |format=PDF |pmc=1830735|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1830735/pdf/canmedaj00808-0002.pdf}} Advertisement. 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author=[No authors listed] |title=Lessened postoperative vomiting with MORNIDINE |journal=Annals of Surgery |volume=151 |issue=4 |date=April 1960 |format=PDF |pmc=1613578|url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1613578/pdf/annsurg01301-0002.pdf }} Advertisement. 4. ^{{Federal Register|34|12051}}. July 17, 1969. 5. ^{{cite journal |author=Wysowski DK, Swartz L |title=Adverse drug event surveillance and drug withdrawals in the United States, 1969–2002: the importance of reporting suspected reactions |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |volume=165 |issue=12 |pages=1363–9 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15983284 |doi=10.1001/archinte.165.12.1363}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author=Blatchford E |title=Studies of anti-emetic drugs: A comparative study of cyclizine (Marzine), pipamazine (Mornidine), trimethobenzamide (Tigan), and hyoscine |journal=Canadian Journal of Anesthesia |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=159–65 |date=March 1961 |doi=10.1007/BF03021345}} 7. ^{{cite book |author=Healy D |chapter=Explorations in a new world |title=The creation of psychopharmacology |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge |year=2002 |pages=123–4 |isbn=0-674-01599-1}} 5 : Antiemetics|Hepatotoxins|Phenothiazines|Piperidines|Withdrawn drugs |
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